Write short notes on the following. (i) The Indian Desert (ii) The Central Highlands (iii) The Island groups of India
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(i)Converging Tectonic PlatesDiverging Tectonic PlatesWhen tectonic plates move towards each other, they are called converging plates.When tectonic plates move away from each other, they are called diverging plates.They collide or crumble or one of them slides under the other while moving towards each other.They do not collide or crumble while moving away from each other.Converging plates cause folds.Diverging plates cause fractures
in the crust.
(ii)
BhangarKhadarThese are the older alluvium or old soil and form the largest part of the Northern Plains.The newer and younger deposits of the flood plains. Renewed every Year.Lies above flood plains of rivers.Low-lying next to a riverPresents a terrace like feature.Contains calcerous deposits locally
known as Kankar.Less fertileMore fertile
(iii)
Western GhatsEastern GhatsMark the western edge of the Deccan PlateauMark the eastern edge of the Deccan PlateauContinuous, can be crossed through the passes only.Discontinuous, irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.Higher; average elevation is 900−1600 metersLower; average elevation is 600 metersIt experiences orographic rain mostly in summer due to the summer monsoons. The climate is hot and moist.It receives rain mostly in winter through North-eastern monsoon. However, here the rain is lesser than the western strip.Soil is highly fertile. Rice, spices, rubber and fruits like coconuts, cashew nuts etc. are grownSoil is not as fertile as western ghats. Rice, ground nuts, cotton, tobacco, coconuts etc. are grown
(i)Converging Tectonic PlatesDiverging Tectonic PlatesWhen tectonic plates move towards each other, they are called converging plates.When tectonic plates move away from each other, they are called diverging plates.They collide or crumble or one of them slides under the other while moving towards each other.They do not collide or crumble while moving away from each other.Converging plates cause folds.Diverging plates cause fractures
in the crust.
(ii)
BhangarKhadarThese are the older alluvium or old soil and form the largest part of the Northern Plains.The newer and younger deposits of the flood plains. Renewed every Year.Lies above flood plains of rivers.Low-lying next to a riverPresents a terrace like feature.Contains calcerous deposits locally
known as Kankar.Less fertileMore fertile
(iii)
Western GhatsEastern GhatsMark the western edge of the Deccan PlateauMark the eastern edge of the Deccan PlateauContinuous, can be crossed through the passes only.Discontinuous, irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.Higher; average elevation is 900−1600 metersLower; average elevation is 600 metersIt experiences orographic rain mostly in summer due to the summer monsoons. The climate is hot and moist.It receives rain mostly in winter through North-eastern monsoon. However, here the rain is lesser than the western strip.Soil is highly fertile. Rice, spices, rubber and fruits like coconuts, cashew nuts etc. are grownSoil is not as fertile as western ghats. Rice, ground nuts, cotton, tobacco, coconuts etc. are grown
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