Write some information about the Indian expeditions to Antarctica.
Answers
The Indian Antarctic Programme, 1981-82
The programme was initiated in 1981 with a selected team of 21 members under the leadership of Dr S Z Qasim, Secretary of Department of Environment and former Director of National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) with the aim of conducting scientific research in the frozen continent
There have been many negotiations over the topic of Antarctic research since the time it first began
The expedition started from Goa on December 6, 1981, on board Marine Vessel Polar Circle: a chartered ship from Norway
The troupe landed in Antarctica on January 9, 1982 and returned to Goa on February 21, 1982, thus marking the end of their 77-day expedition
Under the environmental protocol of the Antarctic Treaty (1959), India has set up three research stations up till now.
1. Dakshin Gangotri
The first Indian scientific research base station was established in Antarctica as part of the third Antarctic programme
Located at a distance of 2,500 kilometres from the South Pole, it was established in 1983-84. This was the first time an Indian team spent a winter in Antarctica to carry out scientific work
In 1989, it was excavated and is being used again as a supply base and transit camp
Dakshin Gangotri took eight weeks to be built by an 81-member team, with the construction complete by January 1984. Indian army helped build it
January 26, 1984, India's Republic Day, was celebrated at the station along with Soviet and East German scientists
2. Maitri
In the year 1988 an ice-free, rocky area on the Schirmacher Oasis was selected to build the second research station named Maitri
The building was erected on steel stilts, and has stood the test of time -- conducting experiments in geology, geography and medicine
It can support 25 persons in the main building during summers as well as winters, and about 40 in summer facility comprising of containerized living modules
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Information about the Indian expeditions to Antarctica:
Indian Antarctic expedition was initiated in 1981 that achieved Antarctic on 08 January 1982.
Subsequent to working from Ship and transitory safe houses for a long time, the main perpetual research station ""Dakshin Gangotri"" was built up in 1983 at 70.08˚S, 12.00˚ E over the Ice retire in Central Droning Maud Land area.
The station was deserted in 1990 as it got covered under snow.
Since 1988, inquire about base Maitri (facilitates 70.77˚ S, 11.73˚ E) is operational in the focal piece of Schirmacher Oasis, in Central Droning Maudland locale of East Antarctica.
India's campaign is propelled every year (once in a year) wherein around 100 to 120 individuals including Scientists, Engineers, Doctors and Tradesmen are sent in groups among November and January of the succeeding logbook year.
So far there have been thirty five logical campaigns including a parallel Weddell Sea Expedition in 1989 the year which had two undertakings.
In excess of sixty establishments, R&D associations, driving colleges, study associations and IITs are participating in the National undertaking and around 2500 researchers have done their logical investigations.
An enormous number of distributions including worldwide productions have been brought out by our researchers.