Question

Write the answer of the following questions in long:
26. Differentiate between metals and non metals.
27. Define it:
a. Soil preparation
Irrigation
b. Removing the weeds d. Sowing​

Answer 1

answer of question number 26

Difference Between Metals and Non-Metals

Metals and non-metals are substances that can be differentiated on the basis of various physical and chemical properties. Metals are the elements that are generally hard as strong metallic bond exists between the atoms. As against non-metals are the elements which are usually soft.

answer of question no 27..

(a)

The soil then needs to be levelled again to ensure its strong foundation. This levelling of soil is done with an implement called the leveller, which is a heavy wooden or iron plank. Levelling of the field also helps in uniform distribution of water during irrigation. This is the final step of soil preparation.

Ploughing is the process of loosening and turning the soil. Its also known as tilling. Ploughing of soil is important for the following reasons

Allows roots of the plants to penetrate deeply into the soil. This firmly roots the plant.

Loose soil also provides better aeration to the roots allowing them to breathe easily.

It assists the growth of microbes and worms, which perform decomposing and add nutrients and humus to the soil

Ploughing also removes weeds and other waste materials from the field.

It brings nutrient-rich soil to the top, which helps in the growth of plants

The tools we use for ploughing are:

Plough: This is the most ancient tool used for ploughing. A plough may be made of wood or a metal such as iron. It has a blade or sticks attached to the front that is used to cut through the soil. Ploughs are traditionally drawn by cattle such as ox or cows, but in modern times tractors are used. Ploughs till the soil, add manure and fertilizers and scrapes the soil.

Hoe: A hoe is also an ancient agricultural tool. We use it to till the land, remove weeds and dig up soil. They generally have a long wooden rod with a bent iron plate at one end. The other end may be attached to an animal. Hoe was used for tilling in olden times, but these days are only used to remove weeds.

Cultivator: This is the modern mechanism we use currently to plough our farms. It involves the use of a tractor to drive the cultivator. They dig up and pulverize the soil. Cultivators also kill weeds and dig up unwanted vegetation. Cultivator may be more expensive than the traditional methods, but it saves a lot of time and labour force.

(b) Weeds grow in gardens, whether we like it or not. They compete with plants and lawn grass for water and nutrients, and they grow everywhere, making the garden less attractive. To solve this problem, they must be removed.

However, for various reasons, weeds often grow back. Here are some of the most common reasons:

They were not removed completely, and part of their roots stayed in the soil. The left-over roots allow them to grow again.

The garden is surrounded by woods or non-landscaped areas that contain a lot of weeds, and their seeds get carried by wind or birds to residential yards.

If they were not completely removed (all the weeds and all their roots), this makes it easier for them to return.

They might reappear because the lawn is not dense enough and the empty spots invite weeds to settle down and spread.

(d) Sowing is a process of planting seeds into the soil. During this agricultural process, proper precautions should be taken, including the appropriate depth, proper distance maintained, and soil should be clean, healthy and free from disease and other pathogens including fungus. All these precautions are essential for seed germination – the process of seeds developing into new plants.

Sowing plays an important role in farming. Once, after the soil is loosened and ploughed, the good, disease-free and pure quality of seeds are selected and sown into the soil. After selecting seeds of good quality, they are sown on the prepared land. The seeds, which give high yields are usually selected and are sown by the following methods.

Methods Of Sowing

There are various methods used for sowing the seeds.

Traditional Method

A funnel-shaped tool is used to sow the seeds traditionally. The funnel is filled with seeds and the seeds pass through two or three pipes with sharp ends. These ends enter into the soil and the seeds are placed there.

Broadcasting

In this process, the seeds are scattered on the seed beds either mechanically or manually. In the broadcasting method of sowing, the seeds are spread uniformly and are then covered with planking. When there are a large number of seeds, the work is done using mechanical broadcasters.

Answer 2

Answer:

27. Define the Following

a. Soil Preparation

Soil Preparation

As we discussed, soil preparation is the first step to be followed when we start the agricultural process. It usually entails the loosening up of the top layer of soil i.e. topsoil. Plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil through their roots, hence it is essential to prepare the soil, so we can have a healthy and bountiful produce.

The soil is prepared by the following methods

• Ploughing
• Levelling
• Manuring
• Ploughing

Plough

Ploughing is the process of loosening and turning the soil. Its also known as tilling. Ploughing of soil is important for the following reasons

• Allows roots of the plants to penetrate deeply into the soil. This firmly roots the plant.
• Loose soil also provides better aeration to the roots allowing them to breathe easily.
• It assists the growth of microbes and worms, which perform decomposing and add nutrients and humus to the soil
• Ploughing also removes weeds and other waste materials from the field.
• It brings nutrient-rich soil to the top, which helps in the growth of plants

b. Removing the weeds

Weeds are the unwanted plants competing with the crop plants for food, space and light, and finally reduce crop growth. Weeds can be removed by spraying herbicides or by removing them mechanically. ... Weeds can be controlled by timely sowing of crops, inter-cropping and crop rotation control the growth of weeds.

c. Sowing

This is the second step in crop production. Once the soil preparation is done, it is now time to sow the seeds. Sowing is the actual process of planting the seeds in the soil. The seeds that are sown have to be selected very carefully and have to of high quality.

Methods of sowing seeds

The various methods of sowing the seeds are

1. Sowing by hand: The scattering of seeds by hand is the simplest method of sowing seeds. This method is also called broadcasting. This is the most economical method that can be employed. However the distribution of seeds is not uniform, it may result in clusters of seeds on the field

2. Seed Drill: This is a modern method of sowing seeds. It is better and more efficient method than sowing by hand. It is usually done by attaching iron drills to a tractor. Seed drills ensure that the seeds are planted at equal intervals and at the correct depth in the soil.

Precautions to be taken while sowing seeds

Sowing seeds is essentially the most important part of crop production. It is necessary to focus on even the smallest details. The following precautions should be taken when sowing seeds,

• Seeds must be planted at the correct distance or intervals from each other. This is to ensure that all plants get their fair share of light, water and nutrients for growth and development. Planting seeds at equidistance have been proved to increase the yield of the farm.

• Seeds must be sown at the correct depth in the soil. If seeds are simply scattered on the top they are likely to be blown away or eaten by animals or birds. If we sow them too deep into the ground, they will not germinate due to lack of air.

• The seeds that you sow should be of the highest quality. They have to germ and disease free.

Explanation:

differentiate between metals and nonmetals , this answer is given in a picture above. ...

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