Question

Write the applications of DNA microarray.

Answer 1

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Applications of microarrays

Gene expression analysis

The predominate application of DNA microarrays has been to measure gene expression levels . In this application, RNA is extracted from the cells of interest and either, labeled directly, converted to a labeled cDNA or converted to a T7 RNA promoter tailed cDNA which is further converted to cRNA through the Eberwine amplification process (Van Gelder et al., 1990). A wide variety of methods have been developed for labeling of the cDNA or cRNA including: incorporation of fluorescently labeled nucleotides during the synthesis, incorporation of biotin labeled nucleotide which is subsequently stained fluorescently labeled streptavidin, incorporation of a modified reactive nucleotide to which a fluorescent tag is added later, and a variety of signal amplification methods (an early review of different labeling methods is provided in 2002). The two most frequently used methods are the incorporation of fluorescently labeled nucleotides in the cRNA or cDNA synthesis step or the incorporation of a biotin labeled nucleotide in the cRNA synthesis step (as is done by Affymetrix).

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