Question

Write the chemical structure of a typical Amino acid by labelling its chemical groups. Explain the components of nucleic acids.

Answer 1

INTRODUCTION:Protiens are made up of smaller units,called aminoacid.Some 24 aminoacid are needed by the human body,of which 9 are called essential aminoacid(as they are not synthesis in body and requried through  protein diet) and rest of them are nonessential aminoacid.

All aminoacid acids contain at least one carboxyl (-COOH)group and one amino (-NH2)group attach to the same carbon atom ,called as alpha aminoacid.
Chemical Structure of aminoacid are
                                       R (side group)
                       H\             |   //O
aminogroup       N--C--C              carboxyl group
                      H/              |    \OH
                                        H

INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEIC ACID :The nucleic acids found in viruses and all living organisms (microorganisms,plants and animals) carry the genetic informations.A nucleic acid is the polynucleotide i.e.polymer of nucleotides.

Based on the sugars, the nucleic acid are of two types i.e.,RNA (ribose nucleic acid) DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid)

Each deoxyribosenucleotide consists of three main components
 i) a cyclic five carbon group
ii) a purine or pyrimidine base (two nitrogenous bases,purines-adenine (A), guanine(G) and pyrimidines - thymine(T) and cytosine(C) .( Uracil (U) is the third pyrimidine, which is only seen in RNA)
 iii)a phosphate.