Question

Write the classification of plants and describe with examples.

Answer 1

Plants are organisms that grow in the ground or inside water. From snowy slopes to dry, In warm deserts, plants can almost survive anywhere on earth.  

Explanation:

• All living things in the ecosystem are kingdoms and sub-kingdoms based on their characteristics.  

• Similarly, plants are classified into different sub-kingdoms based on certain categorical characteristics.  

• The general classification of plants is based on certain criteria:  They are Botanical type, Geographical or ecological communities.

Classification based on life cycle:

Plant species can be classified based on their life cycle.

• Annuals- These are plants that complete their life cycle in a single season. Annual plants include corn, rice, wheat and legumes. They are herbs in general.
• Biennials- These plants required twenty years these plants need two years to complete their life cycle. They are usually herbs. For example carrots, cabbage, onions and beetroot are biennial plants.  

• Perennials- These are plants with a long lifespan - usually more than two years. They are characteristically woody or herbaceous. Roses, lavender, diamonds and lilies are prime examples of perennials.

Taxonomic Classification of Plants:

• Taxonomy is a system that classifies plants based on their genetic and evolutionary relationship.  

• Plant taxonomy is a branch of science that is constantly changing as new species are discovered every day.

• Plants are classified as a separate kingdom called Kingdom Plantae.

• The current classification system of plants is based on the evolutionary relationship between other plants.
• They are Coniferophyta (Gymnosperms), Anthophyta(Angiosperms), Monocotyledons, Dicotyledons.

Answer 2

Plants are mainly classified into 5 phyla: ALGAE, BRYOPHYTES, PTERIDOPHYTES, GYMNOSPERMS, AND ANGIOSPERMS

1)Algae: these are chlorophyll bearing, autotrophic organisms.

These are further classified into 3 classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and, Rhodophyceae.

Example: Ulothrix, Porphyra

2)Bryophytes: These are the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Example: Marchantia, Funaria

3)Pteridophytes: THese are used mostly for medicinal purposes and also act as soil binders.

Example: Selaginella, Equisetum

4)Gymnosperms: This includes the plants whose ovules are not covered by the ovary wall.

Example: Cycas, Pinus

5)Angiosperms: These are plants in which ovules are covered by the ovary wall and are also called flowering plants.