Question

write the function of the three types of plastids

Answer 1

Plastids are double membrane-bound organelles found inside plants and some algae, which are primarily responsible for activities related to making and storing food. Many plastids are photosynthetic, but some are not.

Some of the most common plastids include:

ChloroplastsChromoplastsGerontoplastsand Leucoplasts

Some of the major types of plastids

Types and Functions of Plastids

The chloroplasts are probably the most-known of the plastids. These are responsible for photosynthesis. The chloroplast is filled with thylakoids, which is where photosynthesis occurs, and chlorophyll.

The basic structure of the chloroplast

Chromoplasts are what the name describes, a place for the pigments to be stored and synthesized in the plant. These are found in flowering plants, fruits, and aging leaves. The chloroplasts actually convert over to chromoplasts. There are carotenoid pigments here that allow for the different colors you see in fruits and the fall leaves. One of the main reasons for these structures and the colors is to attract pollinators.

Gerontoplasts are basically chloroplasts that are going through the aging process. These are chloroplasts of the leaves that are beginning to convert into different organelles or are being re-purposed, since the leaf is no longer utilizing photosynthesis (such as in the fall months).

Leucoplasts are the non-pigmented organelles. Unlike the others we have talked about, leucoplasts have no color at all. They are found in the non-photosynthetic parts of the plant, such as the roots. Depending on what the plant needs, they may become essentially just storage sheds for starches, lipids, and proteins. They are more readily used for synthesizing amino acids and fatty acids.

Leucoplasts are further subdivided into three different plastids:

AmyloplastsProteinoplastsand Elaioplasts

Amyloplasts are the largest of the three and are charged with storing starch. Then there are the proteinoplasts that help to store the proteins that a plant needs and are typically found in seeds. Finally, the elaioplasts are used to store fats and oils that are needed by the plant, specifically in seeds.

Evolution of Plastids

Plastids arose from what scientists believe were small prokaryotic organisms living inside of other prokaryotic organisms. They believe that these organelles, along with mitochondria, started a symbiotic, or mutually beneficial relationship, with the larger prokaryotic cell before eventually becoming part of the cell.

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Answer 2

1. chromoplast - provide colour to pericarp of fruit (fruit wall).
2. leucoplasts - storage of food.
3. chloroplast - photosynthesis.