Write the functions performed by the following cell organelles
(a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(b) Golgi Complex
(c) Nucleus
(d) Chromoplasts
(e) Vacuoles
(f) Mitochondria
Answers
Answer:
hope it helps
please mark as brainliest
Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum
As stated above, the endoplasmic reticulum is categorised into two types, and both these types of ER performs specific functions:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:
Smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis of essential lipids such as phospholipids and cholesterol.
Smooth ER is also responsible for the production and secretion of steroid hormones.
It is also responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates.
The smooth ER store and release calcium ions. These are quite important for the nervous system and muscular system.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function:
The majority of the functions of rough ER plays is associated with protein synthesis.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum also plays a vital role in protein folding.
Also ensures quality control (regarding correct protein folding).
The second most important function after protein synthesis and protein folding is protein sorting.
The Function Of Golgi Apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle present in most eukaryotic cells. It is made up of membrane-bound sacs, and is also called a Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome.
The job of the Golgi apparatus is to process and bundle macromolecules like proteins and lipids as they are synthesized within the cell. The Golgi apparatus is sometimes compared to a post office inside the cell since one major function is to modify, sort, and package proteins to be secreted.
The Golgi apparatus is made up of sacs called cisternae. Usually five to eight cisternae are present in one Golgi apparatus, but as high a number as sixty cisternae have been observed by scientists. These bundles of sacs have five distinct and functional regions, and each region has different enzymes to help it modify the contents, depending on where they are to end up.
This organelle is also important in other ways, specifically in the transport of lipids throughout the cell and the creation of lysosomes.
The Golgi complex works closely with the rough ER. When the ER makes a protein, a transition vesicle is also made. It drifts through the cytoplasm to the Golgi apparatus where it gets absorbed. After the Golgi works on the molecules inside, it secretes a vesicle into the cytoplasm which releases the protein molecule out of the cell.
Function of the Nucleus
The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully-enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes.
The nucleus is made up of a double membrane nuclear envelope that keeps the entire organelle encased, isolating its contents from the rest of the cell, and the nucleoskeleton which supports the cell as a whole. The nucleus maintains the security of the genes and controls the functions of the entire cell by regulating gene expression. This is why the nucleus is sometimes referred to as the control center, or the "brain," of the cell.
Since large molecules cannot get inside the nucleus through the nuclear membrane, small holes called nuclear pores dot the surface area of the envelope. These pores regulate the transport of those molecules by carrier proteins embedded in the double layer of the membrane. Small molecules and ions are able to pass through the membrane freely, however.
The nucleus is the site for genetic transcription, while keeping it separated from the cytoplasm. This means gene regulation is taking place in eukaryotic cells that have a nucleus, but that this gene regulation isn't available to prokaryotes. That means the main function of the nucleus is to govern gene expression and facilitate DNA replication during the cell cycle.
