write the importance of mari city what were the legacy of Mesopotamia civilization to the world? write in 180words because 8mark
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Incredible Contributions of Mesopotamia to the World
Some Mesopotamia contributions Most important are cuneiform writing, the wheel, a primitive outbreak of equal rights and, perhaps the best known, the development of agriculture and livestock.
Mesopotamia (a term of Greek origin meaning"between two rivers") was a region located in the Mediterranean, specifically in the West Asia zone, between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
This region was bordered to the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and to the southeast by the Arabian Plain, and currently corresponds to the territories of Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey.
Unlike most unified civilizations ( Egyptian And Greek), Mesopotamia was a collection of various cultures united by writing and by its attitude towards women and their gods.
That is why, in speaking of Mesopotamia, instead of saying that it is"the Mesopotamian civilization", one should speak of a multicultural region or a region with several civilizations.
In fact, Mesopotamia is known as the cradle of civilization, due to two major contributions that emerged in the region of Sumer (Lower Mesopotamia) in 4000 BC: the birth of the city and the invention of writing.
Top 10 contributions of Mesopotamia to humanity
1- The city
The development of the cities began in the Copper Age (5900 BCE - 3200 BCE). This growth was remarkable in the region of Sumeria, where the cities of Eridu, Uruk, Ur, Kish, Nuzi, Nippur and Ngirsu were born.
The high level of development and systematization of agriculture (which included irrigation) allowed the growth of large centers and, once the cities were established, they were able to maintain their prosperity through trade.
2- Cuneiform writing
The cuneiform was the first written language and developed in Mesopotamia. This communication system was created by the Sumerians between the years 5000 a. C. and 4000 a. C.
This writing was done in clay; The characters used were a mixture of holes and small wedges, hence the name cuneiform, which means"wedge-shaped."
It is believed that writing was invented because of the trade, which generated the need to communicate at a distance and to keep a record of the commercial transactions that a city made.
Cuneiform writing was so influential that it spread through the civilizations of the time and even after the fall of Sumer was continued using.
3- The wheel
The invention of the wheel is attributed to the Mesopotamians. In 1922, the archaeologist Sir Leonard Wooley discovered the remains of two wagons of four wheels in what previously was the city of Ur; These are the oldest vehicles that have been found so far.
4- Agriculture and livestock
The conditions of the lands between the two rivers allowed the peoples, who were formerly nomadic, to settle and live on agriculture (favored by the fertility of the land) and livestock. This is why Mesopotamia was primarily a Agrarian society .
As far as the cattle ranch, in Mesopotamia the domestication of the animals was practiced, which favored its sedentarismo.
5- Equal rights
Between women and men, there was equal rights. Women could own the land, divorce, own their own business and be traders.