Write the name and principle of method used for refining tin, copper and nickel
Answers
Method which is used for refining tin,copper and nickel is enlisted below:-
- Copper:- Electrolytic Refining
- Tin:- Liquation
- Nickel:- Vapour Phase refining(Mond process)
Electrolytic refining:- In this method anode is made up of impure metal and pure strip of that metal is made to act as a cathode and these electrode is dip into the salt solution of the same metal.We get the pure metal at the cathode and impurities is deposited as Anode Mud.
Ex:- Anode: Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻
Cathode: Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
Liquation:- This method is based on the difference in melting point, in which low melting point metal is separated by flow on a slopy surface.
Mond Process:- In this method we converted the impure metal into a volatile compound and on decomposition of that volatile compound we get the pure metal.
Ex:- Ni + 4CO → Ni(CO)₄
Ni(CO)₄ → Ni + 4CO
Tin, copper and nickle are all not very electropositive elements. They have interesting processes of refining.
Explanation:
- Copper is a d group element that is not very electropositive.
- Its first extracted by various processes like self reduction and calcination.
- Then the crude metal is attached as anode and a fresh pure block is attatched as cathode.
- Then electrolysis is tried.
- Ex:- Anode: Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ Cathode: Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu
- The tin is a metal with lower melting point.
- So its melted and that melted tin is collected from the top.
- This is a very effective process of purification called liquation.
- In case of nickle, the nickle is very fond of forming complex ions.
- So nickle is coordinated with carbon monoxide or potassium cyanide.
- This forms the vapour of nickle, called Mond's process.
- Ex:- Ni + 4CO → Ni(CO)₄ Ni(CO)₄ → Ni + 4CO
- Then after successful separation, it's thermally decomposed.
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