write the nitration of aniline
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In case of nitration in aniline, the Nitric Acid protonates the aniline to form the Anilinium ion. Now since the nitrogen atom has no lone pair to conjugate, it has no mesomeric effect on the ring, the but as nitrogen is now protonated, it has a high negative inductive effect
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In nitration of aniline in strong acid (HNO3, H2SO4) aniline changes to anillium ion .Anillium withdraws electron density.Its effect is felt maximum at ortho followed by meta and then para position. Consequently very little of ortho nitrated product is formed.
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