Write the relation between TVC and TFC.
Answers
Answer:
The following can be noted about the TC curve:
The TC curve is inverted-S shaped. This is because of the TVC curve. Since the TFC curve is horizontal, the difference between the TC and TVC curve is the same at each level of output and equals TFC. This is explained as follows: TC – TVC = TFC
The TFC curve is parallel to the horizontal axis while the TVC curve is inverted-S shaped.
Thus, the TC curve is the same shape as TVC but begins from the point of TFC rather than the origin.
The law that explains the shape of TVC and subsequently TC is called the law of variable proportions.
Explanation:
It is calculated by dividing the total fixed cost by the quantity of output. Average variable cost is the variable cost at per unit of output. It is calculated by dividing the total variable cost by quantity of output. Average Total cost is the summation of average fixed cost and Average variable cost.
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TVC-is zero, when output is zero. It increases as output increases. The shape of TVC curve depends on the shape of the production function.
TC is the sum of TFC and TVC. When no variable output is added, TC is equal to TFC.
The TC curve is shaped exactly like the TVC curve, but is placed above the total variable cost by the units of total fixed cost.
Opportunity cost
The income which an output can earn in the next best alternative use.
Physical risks
Destruction of the product itself and are due to fire, accident, rain etc.
Risk attached to such natural hazards is often transferred to institutions (Insurance companies) that specialize in assuming such risk.
Unit costs are
Average Fixed Cost (AFC),
Average Variable Cost (AVC),
Average Total Cost or Average Cost (ATC or AC)
Marginal Cost (MC).
These unit costs are more important than total costs in decision making process. Plotting these, we get unit cost curves.
Average Fixed Cost
Average Fixed Cost is worked out by dividing the Total Fixed Cost by the amount of output.
It is fixed cost/unit of output. AFC will vary for each level of output.
As output increases, AFC continues to decline. When output is zero, AFC=TFC. AFC always slopes downwards regardless of production function.
AFC = TFC /Output
Average Variable Cost
Average Variable Cost is calculated by dividing the Total Variable Cost by the amount of output.
AVC decreases, reaches a minimum and increases thereafter. AVC cannot be computed when output is zero.
AVC = TVC / Output
Average Total Cost
Average Total Cost can be computed by dividing Total Cost by output.
ATC, as AVC, first decreases, attains a minimum and increases thereafter.
ATC is the cost of producing one unit of output.
ATC = TC / Output
Marginal Cost
Marginal Cost is the change in the Total Cost in response to a unit increase in output.
It is found out by dividing change in total cost (or total variable cost because TFC is not going to change) by change in output.
MC curve decreases first, reaches its minimum point and then raises upwards and passes through AVC and AC (ATC) at their minimum points.
In other words, AVC and AC will slope downwards and keep falling as long as MC is below them.
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