Write two arguments in favour of universality of management.
Answers
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Often, we hear the statement that the activity of management is ‘Universal’. Universality proposes that the field of management is applicable to Government, business, university and other non-profit organizations like clubs, cinema theatres, hospitals, etc. The manager uses the same managerial skills and principles in each managerial positions held in such organizations. The management problems that these diverse organizations face are alike, and the duties of their managers are equally similar.
1. SIMILAR FUNCTIONS
Quite often, it is wrongly thought that management exists only in a business and not in other enterprises. However, the fact is, that while acting in their respective managerial capacities not only the company President but also the office supervisor perform the basic functions of management. The difference lies only in things like broadness of the objectives, the importance of the decisions taken, the organizational relationships affected, etc. Managers perform essentially the same functions irrespective of their level in the organization, industry or country.
2. UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES
Classical writers like Fayol, Urwick, and others believed that there are certain principles in management that are universally applicable. They are:
the principle of departmentation,
principle of division of labour,
principle of span of control,
the scalar principle,
principle of unity of command, etc.
These principles have been translated into practice for a long time and have found universal expression irrespective of the nature and level of management in organizations.
3. SAME FUNDAMENTALS
Management occurs in parks, hospitals, farms, universities, cities, police agencies, churches, air ports, community organizations, industries, etc. The fundamentals governing the management of a business, a church or a university are same. The difference lies only in the techniques employed and practices followed.
All managers are accountable for performance of other people. They plan, make decisions, organize work, motivate people and implement controls and so on. With a view to achieve objectives, the techniques used should vary based on situational factors like culture, tradition, attitude, etc. Same is the case with management practices also.
4. PRACTICAL EVIDENCE
Management is found in all the functions, levels and sizes of organizations. As observed by Peter F. Drucker,
the rapid development of Brazil, the rapid development of non-communist countries, that is, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the rapid development of so poor and backward peasant country as Iran are all traceable to the impact of management.
Explanation:
Universality proposes that the field of management is applicable to Government, business, university and other non-profit organizations like clubs, cinema theatres, hospitals, etc. The manager uses the same managerial skills and principles in each managerial positions held in such organizations.