Wurtz reaction fails in case of test alkyl halides. give reason Jio
Answers
Answer:
Wurtz reaction involves the reaction of alkyl halides with Na to form alkane. The alkyl groups of two alkyl halides join together to form an alkane. ... In tertiary halides, the positive inductive effect of methyl groups will decrease the nucleophilic nature of the carbanion and thus no reaction occurs.
Explanation:
may be it helps
Answer:
Wurtz reaction involves the reaction of alkyl halides with Na to form alkane. The alkyl groups of two alkyl halides join together to form an alkane. ... In tertiary halides, the positive inductive effect of methyl groups will decrease the nucleophilic nature of the carbanion and thus no reaction occurs
The general equation for a Wurtz reaction is
2R-X + 2Na
l
dry ether
m
m
−−−−−−−→
R-R + 2NaX
The reaction occurs through a free radical mechanism.
Step 1. Electron transfer to halogen
The
Na
atom transfers an electron to the halogen, producing an alkyl halide and an alkyl radical.
R-X + ⋅Na → R⋅ + Na
+
X
−
Step 2. Electron transfer to alkyl radical
Another sodium transfers an electron to the alkyl radical, forming a carbanion.
R⋅ + ⋅Na → R:
-
+
Na
+
Step 3. Nucleophilic attack on alkyl halide
The carbanion attacks the alkyl halide in an
S
N
2
displacement reaction.
R:
-
+
R-X → R-R + :X
−
Nucleophilic attack on a tertiary alkyl halide is extremely slow because of steric hindrance.
That's why the Wurtz reaction does not work with tertiary alkyl halides.