Z effective on last electron of gallium. with value
Answers
Explanation:
Gallium Quick Reference
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Notes
Symbol
Ga
Atomic Number
31
Atomic Weight
Rounded
69.72
for regular calculations
Standard
69.723 ± 0.001
for precise calculations
Oxidation States
3
more common
2
less common
1
less common
Pauling Electronegativity
oxidation state: 3
1.81
Electron Configuration
Orbital Occupancy
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Ar] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of argon
Orbital Filling Order
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
[Ar] represents the closed-shell electron configuration of argon
Term Symbol
2P1/2
see expanded configuration ...
Ionization Energies
I (1)
5.9993016 ± 0.0000012 eV
II (2)
20.51515 ± 0.00012 eV
III (3)
30.7258 ± 0.0002 eV
IV (4)
63.241 ± 0.009 eV
see all 31 energies ...
Electron Affinity
0.41 ± 0.04 eV
3300 ± 300 cm-1
Density
liquid, 302.91 K
6.078 g/ml
solid, 25 °C
5.910 g/cm3
Molar Volume
solid, 298 K, 1 atm
11.803 cm3/mol
Melting Point
1 atm
302.9146 K
ITS-90 fixed point (melting point)
Boiling Point
1 atm
2477.15 K
Thermal Conductivity
liquid, 400 K
34.5 W/(m K)
solid
300 K
polycrystalline
40.6 W/(m K)
parallel to a-axis
40.6 W/(m K)
parallel to b-axis
88.3 W/(m K)
parallel to c-axis
15.9 W/(m K)
298.2 K
polycrystalline
40.8 W/(m K)
parallel to a-axis
40.8 W/(m K)
parallel to b-axis
88.3 W/(m K)
parallel to c-axis
15.9 W/(m K)
273.3 K
polycrystalline
41.0 W/(m K)
parallel to a-axis
41.0 W/(m K)
parallel to b-axis
88.4 W/(m K)
parallel to c-axis
16.0 W/(m K)
200 K
polycrystalline
42.4 W/(m K)
parallel to a-axis
42.4 W/(m K)
parallel to b-axis
89.6 W/(m K)
parallel to c-axis
16.3 W/(m K)
see all 58 conductivities ...
Pyykkö Covalent Radius
single bond
124 pm
double bond
117 pm
triple bond
121 pm
Atomic Radius
153 pm
Enthalpy of Fusion
1 atm
5.59 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of Vaporization
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