Question

1. Explain:
a) Why growth of nationalism in the colonies is linked to an anti-colonial movement
b) How the First World War helped in the growth of the National Movement in India

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Answer 1

a)
b)1.The war created a new economic and political situation. It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which
was financed by war loans and increasing taxes: customs duties were raised and income tax introduced.
2.Through the war years prices increased – doubling between 1913 and 1918 – leading to extreme hardship for
the common people.
3.Villages were called upon to supply soldiers, and the forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger.
4.Then in 1918-19 and 1920-21, crops failed in many parts of India, resulting in acute shortages of food.
5.This was accompanied by an influenza epidemic. According to the census of 1921, 12 to 13 million people
perished as a result of famines and the epidemic.

Answer 2

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• People began discovering their unity in the process of their struggle with colonialism.

• The sense of being oppressed under colonialism provided a shared bond that tied many different groups together.

• But each class and group felt the effects of colonialism differently. Their experiences were varied and their notions of freedom were not always the same. The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to forge these groups together within one movement. But the unity did not emerge without conflict.

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