1. How many liters of F2 at STP are needed with 4.00L of H2 also measured at STP in
following reaction:
H2 (g) + F2 (g) 2HF(g)
2. Distinguish between a direct and an indirect redox reaction
3. Assign oxidation states to atoms underlined in each compound
i. (NH4)2HPO4
ii. Na2C2O4
iii. Mg2P2O7
iv. KMnO4
4.
i. What are HydroCarbons?
ii. What name is given to class of reactions that is specific to:- saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons
iii. What name is given to a class of reactions that transforms saturated hydrocarbons into unsaturated hydrocarbons
5.
a) For the following molecule and ion AlCl3 and NH2
i. Draw the shape (showing the lone pair(s) and bond pair(s) of electrons)
ii. State bond angle(s)
iii. Give the overall polarity
b) Contrast the following terms and give one example for each
i. Intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces
ii. Electronegativity and electron affinity
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Answers :
1.) Since the mole ratio is 1 : 1 and the molar gas volume at stp is 22.4 L, the volume of F will be 4 Litres.
2.) Direct redox is a chemical reaction where oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously whereas indirect redox is a chemical reaction where oxidation and reduction takes place separately in different Half - cells.
3.) Facts :
Sum of oxidation states of elements in a molecule equals to zero.
That is, the resultant charge in a molecule equals to zero.
Solutions :
I) (NH₄)₂HPO₄ — The oxidation state of Phosphorus in this :
NH₄ = +1 H = +1 O = - 2 and P = x
2 + 1 - 8 + x = 0
-5 + x = 0
x = +5
Oxidation state of P is thus +5
II) Na₂C₂O₄ — The oxidation state of C in this
Na = +1 O = - 2 C = x
2 + 2x + - 8 = 0
2x = 6
x = 3
Oxidation state of C is thus +3
III) Mg₂P₂O₇ — Oxidation state of Phosphorus in this molecule
Mg = +2 O = - 2 P = x
4 - 14 + 2x = 0
2x= 10
x = 5
+5
IV) KMnO₄ — Oxidation state of Mn in this
K = +1 O = - 2 Mn = x
1 - 8 + x = 0
x = +7
4.) i) Compounds containing hydrogen and Carbon atoms.
ii) Saturated hydrocarbons — Substitution reaction
Unsaturated hydrocarbons — Addition reaction
iii) Hydrogenation
5.) Bond angle for AlCl₃ = 116°
Polarity = 0
Bond angle for NH₂ = 104.5°
Polarity = - 1
Find structures in the images.
6.) Intramolecular forces are forces that bind atoms together Eg. Ionic bonds, whereas intermolecular forces bind molecules together Eg. Van Der waals forces.
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in a gaseous state for a negative ion whereas electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.
1.) Since the mole ratio is 1 : 1 and the molar gas volume at stp is 22.4 L, the volume of F will be 4 Litres.
2.) Direct redox is a chemical reaction where oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously whereas indirect redox is a chemical reaction where oxidation and reduction takes place separately in different Half - cells.
3.) Facts :
Sum of oxidation states of elements in a molecule equals to zero.
That is, the resultant charge in a molecule equals to zero.
Solutions :
I) (NH₄)₂HPO₄ — The oxidation state of Phosphorus in this :
NH₄ = +1 H = +1 O = - 2 and P = x
2 + 1 - 8 + x = 0
-5 + x = 0
x = +5
Oxidation state of P is thus +5
II) Na₂C₂O₄ — The oxidation state of C in this
Na = +1 O = - 2 C = x
2 + 2x + - 8 = 0
2x = 6
x = 3
Oxidation state of C is thus +3
III) Mg₂P₂O₇ — Oxidation state of Phosphorus in this molecule
Mg = +2 O = - 2 P = x
4 - 14 + 2x = 0
2x= 10
x = 5
+5
IV) KMnO₄ — Oxidation state of Mn in this
K = +1 O = - 2 Mn = x
1 - 8 + x = 0
x = +7
4.) i) Compounds containing hydrogen and Carbon atoms.
ii) Saturated hydrocarbons — Substitution reaction
Unsaturated hydrocarbons — Addition reaction
iii) Hydrogenation
5.) Bond angle for AlCl₃ = 116°
Polarity = 0
Bond angle for NH₂ = 104.5°
Polarity = - 1
Find structures in the images.
6.) Intramolecular forces are forces that bind atoms together Eg. Ionic bonds, whereas intermolecular forces bind molecules together Eg. Van Der waals forces.
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in a gaseous state for a negative ion whereas electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.
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