Question

1.
What is protonema ? Describe its function
(प्रोटोनीमा क्या है ? इसके कार्यो का वर्णन है
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Answer 1

Answer:

A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of the life cycle of mosses and liverworts. When a moss first grows from the spore, it start as a germ tube which lengthens and branches into a filamentous complex known as a protonema, which develops into a leafy gametophore, the adult form of a gametophyte in bryophytes.[1]

Answer 2

A protonema is a chain of cells that helps the early development stage of the gametophyte of a moss. A protonema in moss has an alga-like filamentous structure.

• In the earliest stage of development of moss from a spore, it looks like a tube which is called a germ tube.
• In time this germ tube grows its length and makes a filamentous complex structure which is called protonema.
• In the later stage of development, this protonema develops into a gametophore.

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