1.Who was Bhakt Khan?
2.List out the causes for the success of the British in the Revolt of 1857
3Write any four reasons for the failure of the mutiny.
4.List out any four results(effects) of the Revolt of 1857.
5.Who was BeegumHazrat Mahal?
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Answers
Answer:
1)
Bakht Khan was commander-in-chief of the Indian rebel forces in the region of Delhi during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the East India Company.
2)The British army had a strong financial and military support from England. They had an effective communication system through which they could easily get information about the movement of the mutineers. So in short the British had superiority over Indians in every aspect which made their success obvious.
3)
•)Lack of Planning and Co-ordination.
•)Weak Leadership of the 1857 Mutiny.
•)Lack of Modern Communication.
•)Limited Spread of the Revolt
4) The British had regained control but they could not carry on ruling the land with the same policies of the country by the end of 1859.
Given below are the important changes that were introduced by the British-
• The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown in order to
ensure more responsible management of Indian affairs. A member of the British Cabinet was appointed Secretary of State for India and made responsible for all matters related to the governance of India. He was given a council to advise him, called the India Council. The Governor-General of India was given the title of Viceroy, that is, a personal representative of the Crown. Through these measures the British government accepted direct responsibility for British India.
•All ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future. They were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons, However, they were made to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount. Thus the Indian rulers were to hold their kingdoms as subordinates of the British Crown.
• It was decided that the proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of European soldiers would be increased. It was also decided that instead of recruiting soldiers from Awadh, Blhar, central India and south India, more soldiers would be recruited from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs and Pathans
•The land and property of Muslims was confiscated on a large scale and they were treated with suspicion and hostility. The British believed that they were responsible for the rebellion in a big way.
5)Begum Hazrat Mahal [name in Urdu], also called as Begum of Awadh, was the second wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah. Wajid Ali Shah met her in his palace. She rebelled against the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She finally found asylum in Nepal where she died in 1879.