11. Compare the characteristics of three types of muscles in human body. Compare the characteristics of 3 types of simple permanent tissues in plants.
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
muscle tissue
There are four basic types of tissues recognized in higher animals, epithelial, connective, muscular and nerve. This activity focuses on muscle tissue. Students should complete the worksheet before you compare and contrast the different types of muscle cells.
A muscle is a tissue that performs different functions which cause some sort of movement to take place. There are three different types of muscle cells: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The various muscles of our bodies serve as the engines or powerhouses of the body and are so constructed to provide speed and power. Each muscle cell is designed for various functions that are needed by a certain area in the body. Muscle tissue has the ability to contract or to shorten, thus producing movement of internal and external body parts. Breathing, speaking, walking, talking, eating, and almost every other function requires muscle tissue.
Smooth muscles are composed of elongated, spindle shaped cells and are commonly involved in involuntary motions. Involuntary muscle contractions or motions are those movements that cannot be consciously controlled. The nucleus is centrally located and there are no striations in smooth muscle cells. These types of cells are located throughout the body. Muscles made from these types of cells include those found in the walls of blood vessels, urinary bladder, and the digestive system.
Skeletal muscles allow movement by being attached to bones in the body. Skeletal muscles control voluntary movements which can be consciously controlled. Skeletal muscles are made up of cylindrical fibers which are found in the locomotive system. The nucleus of each cell tends to be toward the edge of each cell and the cells are striated.
Cardiac muscles are roughly quadrangular in shape and have a single central nucleus. The cells form a network of branching fibers. The muscles are cross striated and are involuntary. The muscles are found in the heart.
Muscle tissues are supplied with nerve fibers that carry messages to and from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Muscles are composed of about 75 per cent water, 20 per cent protein, and about 5 per cent is made up of carbohydrates, lipids, inorganic salts, and nonprotein nitrogenous compounds. The composition does vary in the different muscles.
Simple Permanent Tissues
These tissues are simple. They are made up of only one type of cell. Here, all the cells that make up the tissue are similar and have the same structure, with the same type parts. Simple permanent tissues are again classified into three main types. They are parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Parenchyma – The cells of this tissue are living, with thin cell walls. Cells can be oval or round in shape. They have a large central vacuole and a dense cytoplasm. The parenchyma tissue is located in the soft parts of the plant such as cortex and pith. It mainly acts as a packing tissue, providing mechanical support. It also helps in the storage of food. Based on the specific functions, parenchyma can be further classified into Aerenchyma and Chlorenchyma.
Collenchyma – These cells are living cells and have an elongated shape. The corners of the cell wall are thickened. There is very little intercellular space present. The collenchyma tissue can be located in the leaf stalks, below the epidermis etc. Its main function is to provide flexibility to the plants as well as mechanical support.
Sclerenchyma – The cells of the sclerenchyma tissue are dead. The cell wall is very thick due to the deposition of lignin. The cells of this tissue can be in different shapes and sizes. They are generally located in the leaf veins, hard coverings of the seeds and can also be found surrounding the vascular bundle. The main function of the sclerenchymatic tissue is to provide rigidity and mechanical support to the plant body. They also make the plant stiff and hard.