2. The annexation of Awadh caused a lot of unrest among the Indian soldiers in the British army.
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Answer:
There are many factors that contributed in the increase of anarchy and misrule of many states. In which subsidiary treaty and Doctrine of lapse play an impotent role.
Subsidiary treaty-Wellesley’s Subsidiary System is regarded as one of the master strokes of British imperialism. It increased the military strength ofthe Company in India at the expense of the protected states.
the subsidiary system had a demoralizing effect on the princes of the protected states. Safeguarded against external danger and internal revolt, they neglected their administrative responsibilities. They preferred to lead easy-going and pleasure seeking lives. As a result misgovernment followed.
The territories of the Company were free from the ravages of war thereby establishing the stability of the British power in India. The position of the British was strengthened against its Indian and non-Indian enemies. Under the system, expansion of British power became easy.Thus Wellesley’s diplomacy made the British the paramount power in India.
Defects of the Subsidiary SystemThe immediate effect of the establishment of subsidiary forces was the introduction of anarchy because of the unemployment of thousands of soldiers sent away by the Indian princes.
British relations with the state of Oudh go back to theTreaty of Allahabad in 1765. Right from Warren Hastings, manyGovernor-Generals advised the Nawab of Oudh to improve theadministration. But, misrule continued there and the Nawab was underthe assumption that the British would not annex Oudh because of his loyalty to them.
In 1851, William Sleeman, Resident at Lucknow,reported on the “spectacle of human misery and careless misrule”.But Sleeman was against the policy of annexing Oudh. After surveyingthe situation in Oudh, Dalhousie annexed it in 1856. Nawab WajidAli was granted a pension of 12 lakhs of rupees per year.
The annexed territory came under the control of a Chief Commissioner.Dalhousie’s annexation of Oudh, the last one among his annexation , created great political danger. The annexation offendedthe Muslim elite. More dangerous was the effect on the British army’sIndian troops, many of whom came from Oudh, They had occupied aprivileged position before its annexation. Under the BritishGovernment they were treated as equals with the rest of thepopulation. This is a loss of prestige for them. In these various ways,the annexation of Oudh contributed to the Mutiny of 1857.
Explanation:
here british are not the order