34. (a) What is ovulation?
(b) How is it beneficial for the foetus to have a circulatory system that is not directly
attached to the circulatory system of mother?
(C) What changes occur at the time of birth?
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Answers
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a)Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In women, this event occurs when the ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg will be available to be fertilized by sperm
b)(b) The circulatory system of the foetus and that of the mother are connected by an umbilical cord that attaches the placenta to the fetus. The separate circulatory system facilitates quick diffusion of nutrients, metabolic waste and respiratory gases between the foetus and the mother. Also placenta acts as a shield for the baby against bacteria and other pathogens.
(c) At the time of birth the strong muscles in the walls of the uterus undergo the rhythmic contractions that are initiated by decreased progesterone secretion and the secretion of oxytocin hormone by the pituitary gland. These rhythmic contractions followed by labour pains result in the dilation of cervix. When the cervix is fully dilated, contractions help the baby to move from the uterus into the vagina through wbich the baby finally steps into the world. After the child delivery, the placenta is expelled out.
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The realease of egg from an ovary is called ovulation.