A PARAGRAPH ON ANATOMY OF COCKROACH.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
it's body has 3 segments HEAD, THORAX and ABDOMEN
it has 2 long antenna which help to smell and feel the vibrations
these antenna are connected to head which is present at 90° angle to the body.
head sonsist of brain,mouthparts which is of scraping and chewing type.
it has two type of eyes
1). simple eye which acts as photoreceptor
2). compound eye which helps in vision.
compound eye have some layer on it due to which the vision is mosaic and poor
they are nocturnal.
thorax includes 3 pair of legs and 2 pairs of wings.
there is a plate behind the head which is called pronotum.
alimentary canal
The three parts into which the alimentary canal is divided are the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The mouth leads into a pharynx which leads into a narrow passage called the oesophagus. The oesophagus opens into a sac-like structure called the crop that stores food.
The gizzard is the next structure that is present after the crop. It is also called the proventriculus. It helps in grinding the food particles due to the presence of six chitinous plates called teeth. A cuticle lines the entire foregut. At the junction of the foregut and midgut, there is a ring of tubules called the gastric caecae, which secrete digestive juice.
Another ring of 100-150 yellow coloured thin filamentous Malpighian tubules is present at the junction of the midgut and hindgut. These Malpighian tubules help in the removal of excretory products. The hindgut opens outside through the anus.
Cockroach
Blood Vascular System
An open blood vascular system is found in a cockroach as the blood vessels are poorly developed. There is an open space called the hemocoel into which the visceral organs are located.
These visceral organs are bathed in hemolymph which is the blood of a cockroach. The hemolymph is made of a colorless plasma and hemocytes. An elongated tube with a muscular wall regulates the blood in the hemocoel. This elongated tube which is the heart of the cockroach has many funnel-shaped chambers and lies mid-dorsally in the abdomen and thorax.
Blood Vascular System (Source – Biology Discussion)
Respiratory System
In cockroach, the respiratory system has a network of the trachea. They open through 10 pairs of spiracles that are present on the lateral side of the body. Thin tubes carry oxygen from the air to all the parts of the body. The spiracles are regulated by the sphincters. Exchange of gases takes place by diffusion.
Nervous System
Fused ganglia that are segmentally arranged make up the nervous system of this insect. The thorax region has three ganglia and the abdomen has six ganglia. In a cockroach, the nervous system is spread throughout the body.
In the head region, only a little bit of the nervous system is present while the majority is situated on the ventral side of the body. The supra-oesophageal ganglion supplies the nerves to antennae and compound eyes. The sense organs in a cockroach are the antennae, eyes, maxillary palps, labial palps, anal cerci.
Excretory System
The Malpighian tubules perform the excretion in a cockroach. There are glandular and ciliated cells that are present lining each tubule, which absorb the nitrogenous waste products. These are converted into uric acid and excreted out through the hindgut. This is the reason why a cockroach is called a uricotelic.
Reproductive System
The reproductive system is well developed in both the male and female cockroaches. The male reproductive system has a pair of testes that lie on the lateral side in the 4th -6th abdominal segments. There is an accessory reproductive gland in the 6th and 7th abdominal segments that is mushroom shaped. Chitinous asymmetrical structures called the male gonapophysis or phallomere from the external genitalia.
The female reproductive system has two large ovaries that are present laterally in the 2nd to the 6th abdominal segments. A group of eight ovarian tubules forms one ovary. They contain a chain of developing ova. The fertilized eggs are encased in a casing called the oothecae. Female cockroaches produce around 9 to 10 oothecae which contain around 14 to 16 eggs each.