(अ) रेल्वे असावी म्हणून उठाव करणारे
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Answer: Roman Jakobson argues that the degree of untranslatability is higher in poetry and
literary translation than in prose (1957, 2004: 228). The language of poetry involves several
factors other than social, political and cultural aspects. Poetry brings in music, rhythm, and the
mysterious colours of the human psyche. Form and contentin poetry are inseparable. They are
knotted in one another. Poetry employs language of fear, hopes, aspirations, envy, contempt,
love, affection and such complex emotionsand in transferring them in a target language,
several interlingual and intercultural problems emerge. Besides, these texts are culturespecific and they carry the overtones and undertones of corresponding languages.
Parodoxically enough, in our day-todayordinary language situations, the cognitive and
communicative aspects of language are important. In such situations, the attention of speakers
and listeners will beconstantly focused on such items as are compulsory in their verbal
code.According to Jakobson, “language is minimally dependent on the grammaticalpattern in
its cognitivefunctionbecause the definition of our experience stands in complementary
relationto metalinguistic operations—the cognitive level of language not only admits
butdirectly requires receding interpretation, i.e., translation. Any assumption of ineffable or
untranslatable cognitive data would be a contradiction in terms” (2004: 117-18).This is not so
in literary texts. Artand specifically, literature and poetry are forms of our verbal mythology.
They do not conform to the day-today cognitive linguistic patterns, though in poetry