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Lynching
For the play, see The Lynching.
Lynching is a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. It is an extreme form of informal group social control such as charivari, skimmington, riding the rail, and tarring and feathering, and often conducted with the display of a public spectacle for maximum intimidation. It is to be considered an act of terrorism and punishable by law.[1][2] Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in every society.[3][4][5]
In the United States, lynchings of African Americans, typically by hanging, became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era and especially during the decades on either side of the turn of the 20th century. At the time, Southern states were passing new constitutions and laws to disenfranchise African Americans and impose legal segregation and Jim Crow rule. Most lynchings were conducted by white mobs against black victims, often suspects taken from jail before they were tried by all-white juries, or even before arrest. The political message—the promotion of white supremacy and black powerlessness—was an important element of the ritual. Lynchings were photographed and published as postcards, which were popular souvenirs in the U.S., to expand the intimidation of the acts.[6][7] Victims were sometimes shot, burned alive, or otherwise tortured and mutilated in the public events.[8] In some cases the mutilated body parts were taken as mementos by the spectators.[9] Particularly in the West, other minorities—Native Americans, Mexicans and Asians—were also lynched. The South had the states with the highest total numbers of lynchings.
For the play, see The Lynching.
Lynching is a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. It is an extreme form of informal group social control such as charivari, skimmington, riding the rail, and tarring and feathering, and often conducted with the display of a public spectacle for maximum intimidation. It is to be considered an act of terrorism and punishable by law.[1][2] Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in every society.[3][4][5]
In the United States, lynchings of African Americans, typically by hanging, became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era and especially during the decades on either side of the turn of the 20th century. At the time, Southern states were passing new constitutions and laws to disenfranchise African Americans and impose legal segregation and Jim Crow rule. Most lynchings were conducted by white mobs against black victims, often suspects taken from jail before they were tried by all-white juries, or even before arrest. The political message—the promotion of white supremacy and black powerlessness—was an important element of the ritual. Lynchings were photographed and published as postcards, which were popular souvenirs in the U.S., to expand the intimidation of the acts.[6][7] Victims were sometimes shot, burned alive, or otherwise tortured and mutilated in the public events.[8] In some cases the mutilated body parts were taken as mementos by the spectators.[9] Particularly in the West, other minorities—Native Americans, Mexicans and Asians—were also lynched. The South had the states with the highest total numbers of lynchings.
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