about nepoleon in French revolution?
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France, in the period from 1789 to 1799 (French Revolution), moved from absolute to limited monarchy, through radical republicanism, to military dictatorship. Napoleon Bonaparte was a native of the French-owned island of Corsica. In 1796, Napoleon successfully commanded the French army fighting the Austrians and Sardinians in northern Italy. Then he led an expedition into Egypt to cripple England’s trade. His fleet was defeated by Nelson at the Battle of the Nile. In the meantime, a second European Coalition had been organised against France. Napoleon Bonaparte established himself at the head of the Government as First Consul or Dictator. Napoleon defeated the Second Coalition and then the Third Coalition. He was master on the continent of Europe. Today we will discuss about his success , reforms and his contributions to France’s progress and finally the reasons behind his downlfall.
NAPOLEON, AN EMPEROR
In 1804, Napoleon assumed the title of Emperor. Now France stretched from the Baltic to the Adriatic. Napoleon’s brothers occupied the Thrones of Naples, Spain and Westphalia. The Kingdom of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Confederation of the Rhine were reduced to the status of dependent States. Russia was an ally. Prussia and Austria were humbled and reduced in size. Only England remained strong. Napoleon said of England: “No one has any interest in overturning a Government in which all who have any merit are in their right places”.
Napoleonic Reforms
Napoleonic reforms completed and consolidated the work of the Revolution. He championed equality and fraternity, though not liberty. Napoleon strictly censored speech and the press wherever his power extended. However he did render a service to religious freedom when he gave to Protestant and Jewish communities a religious status recognized by the State. Napoleon carried much of the idealism of the Revolution into the countries of Europe sweeping out tyrannous medieval laws and customs. In the German and Italian territories which Napoleon controlled, serfdom and feudalism were ended. In Europe were planted the seeds of religious tolerance, popular participation in the Government and equality. But while the magnificent despot went forward with some revolutionary reforms, it was his custom to repress new reform thinking. Napoleon was a paradox.
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