( ) and three other scientists set out the names of all the substances used in chemical investigations.
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Answer:
Explanation:
To simply state that an experiment led to 'many' or 'few' of the resulting entities would not be clearly reproducible, would not be meaningful, and thus would not serve as an instrument for scientific inquiry. Working with numbers can be time consuming and tedious. However, making numbers work for us can be very rewarding. Scientific theories are generally supported by mathematical computations based on measurements. Many times these measurements are either very small or very large. Because of our need to report scientific findings to others, we have adopted a system called scientific notation to accomplish this task. The use of scientific notation is usually accompanied by our use of significant digits (or figures). No measured quantity is considered to be exact since the last digit always contains an amount of uncertainty. If the investigator had access to a better instrument or technique 1
for comparison, then the uncertainty could be reduced, but this cycle always continues. To indicate the uncertainty of a single measurement, scientists use a system called significant digits, which has adopted rules that govern our use of this means of reporting data. The rules can be reduced to some very simple observations: (1) All nonzero integers are significant and so are the “captive” zeros between them (e.g., 120,034 has six significant digits.) (2) Never start counting significant digits until you get to the first non-zero number and then count all the digits that follow (e.g., 0.000 000 000 123 has three significant digits.)(3) Final zeros, which precede a understood decimal point are not significant (e.g., 123,000 has three significant digits), but final zeros following a decimal point are significant (e.g., 123.1230 has seven significant digits.)(4) A number expressed in scientific notation contains that number of significant digits (e.g., 1.230×10−5 has four significant digits.)(5) Counts (e.g., 24 students) and conversion factors (e.g., 1 in. = 2.54 cm) are said to have an infinite number of significant digits, by definition, and therefore do not influence calculations. Two common special notations exist to lessen confusion in regards to using zeros: (1) 0, is used to indicate a significant zero that doesn’t fall into any of the categories listed above (e.g., 1 00 has two significant digits and 10 00 has three) and (2) alternatively, a decimal point at the end of a number ending in zero is used to indicate that the final zero is significant (e.g., 100. has three significant digits and 1000. has four.)
Explanation:
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