Answer in detail:
1. What is asexual reproduction? Explain any two methods of asexual reproductions in
plants.
2. What are the agents of pollination? Give the characteristics of flowers pollinated by
insects and water?
3. Write two advantages and disadvantages of vegetative propagation?
4. Draw the diagram of artificial method of vegetative propagation?
5. Show the process of fertilization in plants by flowchart?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
1) Answer : Plants can reproduce asexually, without the fertilization of gametes, by either vegetative reproduction or apomixis.
Many plants are able to propagate themselves using asexual reproduction. This method does not require the investment required to produce a flower, attract pollinators, or find a means of seed dispersal. Asexual reproduction produces plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant because no mixing of male and female gametes takes place. Traditionally, these plants survive well under stable environmental conditions when compared with plants produced from sexual reproduction because they carry genes identical to those of their parents.
Plants have two main types of asexual reproduction: vegetative reproduction and apomixis. Vegetative reproduction results in new plant individuals without the production of seeds or spores. Many different types of roots exhibit vegetative reproduction. The corm is used by gladiolus and garlic. Bulbs, such as a scaly bulb in lilies and a tunicate bulb in daffodils, are other common examples of this type of reproduction. A potato is a stem tuber, while parsnip propagates from a taproot. Ginger and iris produce rhizomes, while ivy uses an adventitious root (a root arising from a plant part other than the main or primary root), and the strawberry plant has a stolon, which is also called a runner.
3) Answer : Advantages of vegetative propagation:
Some of the plants such as bananas do not reproduce from seeds at all. They multiply only vegetatively.
The reproduction takes place faster
It is the embryo of the seeds that form the new plants. If the embryo is not there or is destroyed, the new plants cannot be formed.
Disadvantages of vegetative propagation
Vegetatively propagated plants are short-lived, small compared to seed propagated plants
No new varieties can be produced
Skilled persons are required and often expensive compared to seed propagation
More susceptible to diseases as the entire plant may get affected as there is no genetic variation
4) Answer : Horticulturalists and gardeners also use vegetative propagation methods that plants don’t use naturally. These methods involve taking a piece of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant.
Common methods include cuttings, grafting and budding, and tissue culture.
5) Answer : A plant is nature’s gift as they provide us with the food, oxygen, shelter, clothing, etc. They are also known as universal or primary producers. Like all other living things, plant respire, grow, develop, excrete and reproduce. All higher plants reproduce by fertilization. Fertilization in flowering plants was discovered by Ralph B. Strasburger in the year 1884. Let us have a brief discussion on fertilization.
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