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1) The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another is called heredity.
2) A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. A Mutagen is an agent of substance that can bring about a permanent alteration to the physical composition of a DNA gene such that the genetic message is changed.
3) Transport of soluble food material from one plant to another via phloem or xylem is known as translocation.
4) Lamarckism (or Lamarckian inheritance) is the hypothesis that an organism can pass on characteristics that it has acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime to its offspring.
5) Embryology is defined as the branch of biology and medicine that studies embryos and how they develop. The study of how human embryos develop from fertilization to birth is an example of embryology. YourDictionary definition and usage example.
6) ATP is composed of adenosine – composed of an adenine ring and a ribose sugar – and three phosphate groups (triphosphate).
7) Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.
8) Cell division is the process in which one cell divides to form two new cells.
There are two types of cell division -:
- Prokaryotic cell division
- Eukaryotic cell division
9) Krebs cycle is known as citric acid cycle because the citric acid is the first product formed in Krebs cycle. This cycle is also known as TCA cycle because the first product (citric acid) formed in Krebs cycle is a tricarboxylic acid (TCA).
10) Telophase is the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
The first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears, known as prophase