briefly describe the structure and function of cell wall
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The cell wall is an outer protective membrane in many cells including plants, fungi, algae, and bacteria. ... The main functions of the cell wall are to provide structure, support, and protection for the cell. The cell wall in plants is composed mainly of cellulose and contains three layers in many plants.
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The Structure and Function of a Cell Wall
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Leaf Cells
This is a microscope image of moss leaf cells showing cell walls (between cells) and chloroplasts (green).
Alan Phillips/E+/Getty Images
By Regina Bailey
Updated August 26, 2019
A cell wall is a rigid, semi-permeable protective layer in some cell types. This outer covering is positioned next to the cell membrane (plasma membrane) in most plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea. Animal cells however, do not have a cell wall. The cell wall has many important functions in a cell including protection, structure, and support.
Cell wall composition varies depending on the organism. In plants, the cell wall is composed mainly of strong fibers of the carbohydrate polymer cellulose. Cellulose is the major component of cotton fiber and wood, and it is used in paper production. Bacterial cell walls are composed of a sugar and amino acid polymer called peptidoglycan. The main components of fungal cell walls are chitin, glucans, and proteins.
Plant Cell Wall Structure
A section of the cell wall in a plant cell
By LadyofHats (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The plant cell wall is multi-layered and consists of up to three sections. From the outermost layer of the cell wall, these layers are identified as the middle lamella, primary cell wall, and secondary cell wall. While all plant cells have a middle lamella and primary cell wall, not all have a secondary cell wall.