Question

Calculate the dipole moment values (in si and cgs unit) of hf, hcl, hbr and hi molecules whose h-x bond length are 0.92a°, 1.41a° and 1.61 a° respectively (1a°=10¯¹0)

Answer 1

Explanation:

Dipole moment is  a measure of bond polarity  which in turn affected by the electronegativity  of atoms in the chemical bond. When there is a greater the electronegativity of atom higher will be the dipole moment.

Electronigativity of fluorine is highest. So it has more tendency to pull the electrons towards itself than other atoms. In periodic table,down the group  electronegativity decreases from top to bottom. So fluorine is most electronegative and iodine is the least electronegative element. So charge polarisation is most in HF and least in HI and hence HF has the highest dipole moment than other element.

electronegativity of halogen decreases in the order of:

HF>HCl>HBr>HI

please follow me.......