can any one give the basic concepts of matter in your surroundings class 9
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Important Points
Anything which occupies space and has mass, is called matter.
The matter is made up of small particles, which may be molecules, atoms or ions.
The matter commonly exists in three states, i.e., solids, liquid and gases.
Plasma is the fourth state of matter which is formed at extermely high temperature and consists of charged ions.
The particles of matter are always in a state of motion and hence possess kinetic energy. The kinetic energy is minimum in solids, intermediate in liquids and maximum in gases.
The particle of matter attract each other with a force called intermolecular force, which is maximum in case of solids, less in case of liquids and least in case of gases.
The spaces in between the particles of matter, are called intermolecular spaces. They are least in case of solids, more in case of liquids and maximum in case of gases.
The lesser the intermolecular spaces between the molecules, the more are the intermolecular forces.
In case of solids, the intermolecular spaces and the kinetic energy of the molecules are the least, but the intermolecular forces are maximum.
In case of liquids, the intermolecular spaces and the kinetic energy of the molecules are more than that in the solids, but the intermolecular forces are less than that in solids.
In case of gases, the intermolecular spaces and the kinetic energy of the molecules are maximum, bu the intermolecular forces are minimum.
The states of matter are interconvertible and can be changed by changing the temperature and pressure.
Sublimation is the change of state from solid to gas, without going through liquid state on heating and vice versa.
Fusion or melting is the change of state from solid to liquid and the temperature at which it takes place is called melting point.
Vaporisation or boiling is the change of state from liquid to gas and the temperature at which it takes place, is called boiling point.
Density : The mass of a substance per unit of volume.
Formula :

or kgm_3
In SI unit it is measured in kgm_3
Volume : All solids occupy a fixed volume the shape occupied by a substance is called volume.
The unit of volume is m3 (cubic meter). The common unit of volume is litre. (L)
1m3 = 1000 dm3 = 1000 L
1 L = 1 dm3
1 L = 1000 ml = 1000 cm3
Note: Pressure : In the gaseous state the particle move about randomly at high speed. Due to their random movement, the particles hit each other and also the walls of the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is because of this force exerted by gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container. The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1 atm, and is taken as the normal atmospheric pressure.

P = Pressure, F = Force, A = Area
It is measured in "pascals" (Pa) in SI units and other unit is atm. these two units are related as _
1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
1 bar = 1 × 105 Pa
1 bar = 1.01 atm.
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Anything which occupies space and has mass, is called matter.
The matter is made up of small particles, which may be molecules, atoms or ions.
The matter commonly exists in three states, i.e., solids, liquid and gases.
Plasma is the fourth state of matter which is formed at extermely high temperature and consists of charged ions.
The particles of matter are always in a state of motion and hence possess kinetic energy. The kinetic energy is minimum in solids, intermediate in liquids and maximum in gases.
The particle of matter attract each other with a force called intermolecular force, which is maximum in case of solids, less in case of liquids and least in case of gases.
The spaces in between the particles of matter, are called intermolecular spaces. They are least in case of solids, more in case of liquids and maximum in case of gases.
The lesser the intermolecular spaces between the molecules, the more are the intermolecular forces.
In case of solids, the intermolecular spaces and the kinetic energy of the molecules are the least, but the intermolecular forces are maximum.
In case of liquids, the intermolecular spaces and the kinetic energy of the molecules are more than that in the solids, but the intermolecular forces are less than that in solids.
In case of gases, the intermolecular spaces and the kinetic energy of the molecules are maximum, bu the intermolecular forces are minimum.
The states of matter are interconvertible and can be changed by changing the temperature and pressure.
Sublimation is the change of state from solid to gas, without going through liquid state on heating and vice versa.
Fusion or melting is the change of state from solid to liquid and the temperature at which it takes place is called melting point.
Vaporisation or boiling is the change of state from liquid to gas and the temperature at which it takes place, is called boiling point.
Density : The mass of a substance per unit of volume.
Formula :

or kgm_3
In SI unit it is measured in kgm_3
Volume : All solids occupy a fixed volume the shape occupied by a substance is called volume.
The unit of volume is m3 (cubic meter). The common unit of volume is litre. (L)
1m3 = 1000 dm3 = 1000 L
1 L = 1 dm3
1 L = 1000 ml = 1000 cm3
Note: Pressure : In the gaseous state the particle move about randomly at high speed. Due to their random movement, the particles hit each other and also the walls of the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is because of this force exerted by gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container. The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1 atm, and is taken as the normal atmospheric pressure.

P = Pressure, F = Force, A = Area
It is measured in "pascals" (Pa) in SI units and other unit is atm. these two units are related as _
1 atm = 1.01 × 105 Pa
1 bar = 1 × 105 Pa
1 bar = 1.01 atm.
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