Carbon monoxide can be produced when diesel burns in a car engine. Explain how
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Answer:
Explanation:
When a compound burns it reacts with oxygen. Because of this we can predict what the products of the reaction will be. The oxygen will combine with each individual element in the compound.
Since hydrocarbon fuels only contain two elements, we always obtain the same two products when they burn. In the equation below methane (CH4) is being burned. The oxygen will combine with the carbon and the hydrogen in the methane molecule to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H₂O).
CH₄+ 2O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + 2H₂O
An experiment putting carbon dioxide through a U-tube submerged in iced water and then into limewater, which changes colour.
Carbon dioxide gas turns limewater from colourless to milky white. In the above experiment, the limewater in the boiling tube changes colour indicating carbon dioxide is produced by combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel.
If water is produced it will condense in the u tube cooled by the ice water. This results in cobalt chloride paper changing colour from blue to pink.
Incomplete combustion
While carbon dioxide and water are produced when hydrocarbons burn in a plentiful supply of oxygen, complete combustion is not always possible. If the fuel is burned with a limited supply of oxygen, incomplete combustion can occur and the following pollutants can be formed:
carbon monoxide (CO) – a poisonous gas
soot - unburned carbon which leaves as dirty particles
Air pollution from the burning of hydrocarbons can be reduced by special exhaust systems. Car exhaust systems have catalytic converters. Expensive transition metal catalysts are used to convert the pollutant gases into less harmful gases:
carbon monoxide + nitrogen monoxide → nitrogen + carbon dioxide
2CO + 2NO ⇒ N₂ + 2CO₂
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Carbon monoxide is also formed as a pollutant when hydrocarbon fuels (natural gas, petrol, diesel) are burned. The relative amount of CO produced depends on the efficiency of combustion. Older vehicles are checked annually for CO emissions during their MOT test. Interestingly, only one of the two oxides of carbon, doesn't support combustion and it is for this reason that carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers. Carbon monoxide does support combustion and burns with a pale blue flame. The blue flame used to be seen over the fires made from coke (essentially a very pure form of carbon) by night watchmen on industrial sites.
2 CO (g) + O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g)