characteristics of alluvial soil, black soil, red and yellow soil, laterite soil, arid soil and forest soil
Answers
Alluvial soil:
Alluvial soil are formed by the deposition of divers which can be mostly found in Northern plain regions and the regions that surrounded by Narmada and Tapi rivers and also in some parts of Northern Gujarat.
Black Soil:
Black soil is formed of by the action of volcanic rock and lava-flow. This type of soil can be found mostly in the regions of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Gujarat.
Red Soil:
Red soil is formed of due to the weathering of ancient rocks. This type of soil can be found majorly in the regions of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Orissa
Laterite Soil:
Laterite soil is formed because of some intense leaching. This type of soil can be mostly found in Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
Mountain Soil:
This types of soil is formed by the accumulation of organic matters. This type of soil can be mostly found in the regions of Himalayan Mountain.
Desert soil:
This type of soil is generally sandy and salty with organic matter deficiency. It can be found in the great Indian desert.
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Characteristics of:-
alluvial soil, black soil, red soil, yellow soil, laterite soil, arid soil and forest soil.
1) Alluvial Soil
They are immature and have weak profiles due to their recent origin.
Most of the soil is Sandy and clayey soils are not uncommon.
Pebbly and gravelly soils are rare. Kankar (calcareous concretions) beds are present in some regions along the river terraces.
2) Black Soil
The black soil is highly retentive of moisture. It swells greatly on accumulating moisture. Strenuous effort is required to work on such soil in rainy season as it gets very sticky.
In summer, the moisture evaporates, the soil shrinks and is seamed with broad and deep cracks. The lower layers can still retain moisture. The cracks permits oxygenation of the soil to sufficient depths and the soil has extraordinary fertility.
3)Red Soil
The texture of red soil varies from, sand to clay, the majority being loam. Their other characteristics include porous and friable structure, absence of lime, kankar and free carbonates, and small quantity of soluble salts.
4) Yellow Soil
It has an acid reaction and low humus content, and its yellow color is caused by the presence of ferric hydroxide. The total thickness of the soil horizons is 30-70 cm. Four types of yellow earth may be distinguished: yellow soil, yellow podzolic soil, yellow gley soil, and yellow podzolic gley soil.
5)Laterite Soil
Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Humus content of the soil is low because most of the micro organisms, particularly the decomposer like bacteria, get destroyed due to high temperature. Laterite soils are suitable for cultivation with adequate doses of manures and fertilizers.
6)Arid Soil
The soil red and brown in colour.
It is sandy in texture.It is saline in nature and lacks humus and moisture.Arid soils contain a substantial amount of soluble salts.It is alkaline in nature because there is no rain to wash soluble salts.
7)Forest Soil
Forest soils are generally very acidic, organic, and their chemical fertility is generally limited. The role of ecosystem management will be all the more important for their sustainability as the soil will be poor, because organic matter of the top soil is always more labile than mineral phases.