classification of materials with reference to their atomic structure
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Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight. It may exist in any one of three states: solid, liquid or gas. Matter includes the air we breathe, the food we eat, all the objects around us and even ourselves. Since matter includes so much, it is better to divide matter into some sub divisions as shown in Fig. 1.0.1.
Elements Mixtures and Compounds
An element is a basic building block of matter. It is a substance that can't be reduced to a simpler state by chemical means. There are 103 known elements, including 16 man made elements. Examples are: copper, gold, silver, hydrogen and silicon.
When two or more elements are combined, the combination is called a compound. Compounds are formed when two or more atoms share part of their structure. They can be separated by chemical means, such as distillation but not by any physical means. Examples of compounds are: water (hydrogen + oxygen) and salt (sodium + chlorine). The smallest part of a compound which still retains the properties of the compounds (the combination of atoms) is called a molecule. A molecule is the chemical combination of two or more atoms, and an atom is the smallest part of a single element which retains the properties of that element.
When elements and compounds are combined they are called a mixture. Examples of mixtures include air, (oxygen + nitrogen + carbon dioxide and other gases) and salt water (salt + water)
Elements Mixtures and Compounds
An element is a basic building block of matter. It is a substance that can't be reduced to a simpler state by chemical means. There are 103 known elements, including 16 man made elements. Examples are: copper, gold, silver, hydrogen and silicon.
When two or more elements are combined, the combination is called a compound. Compounds are formed when two or more atoms share part of their structure. They can be separated by chemical means, such as distillation but not by any physical means. Examples of compounds are: water (hydrogen + oxygen) and salt (sodium + chlorine). The smallest part of a compound which still retains the properties of the compounds (the combination of atoms) is called a molecule. A molecule is the chemical combination of two or more atoms, and an atom is the smallest part of a single element which retains the properties of that element.
When elements and compounds are combined they are called a mixture. Examples of mixtures include air, (oxygen + nitrogen + carbon dioxide and other gases) and salt water (salt + water)
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