Compare the case studies of Belgium and sri Lanka
Answers
(i) Number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government.
(ii) Many powers of the Central Government are given to State Governments.
(iii) Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
(iv) Community Government is elected by people belonging to one language community which deals with cultural, educational and language related issues. .
In Sri Lanka, major social groups are the Sinhala speakers (74 per cent) and the Tamil speakers (18 per cent). In Sri Lanka, the democratically elected government adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. ’
The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional and cultural diversities.
(a) They amended their constitution four times so as to work out an innovative arrangement that would enable everyone to live together in peace and harmony, i.e., there was sharing of power between the Dutch and the French both in the central government; state government and community government. They followed a policy of accommodation.
(b) This helped to avoid civic strife and division of the country on linguistic lines.
(c) On the other hand, the Sinhalese who were in majority in Sri Lanka as compared to the Tamils followed a policy of majoritarianism and adopted a series of measures to establish Sinhala supremacy by passing an Act of 1956.
These measures alienated the Tamils leading to civic strife between the two communities.
We find that both Belgium and Sri Lanka dealt with the issue of power sharing differently. In Belgium, the leaders respected the interests of both linguistic groups and avoided any possibilities of clashes among the Dutch- and French-speaking communities. In Sri Lanka, however, the assertive policies of the majority community led to a civil war threatening the unity and integrity of the country.