conduct experiments
how friction may be reduced
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friction is reduced by applying lubricants
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Slide two blocks of wood over each other. Then rub soap or petroleum jelly over each surface, and slide the blocks over each other again.
You will see that: The surfaces slide more easily after the soap is put on.
Explanation: The soap fills in the low places of the surfaces of the wood and also forms a coat over the surfaces. The woods, therefore, do not touch one another and cannot rub. Instead, the soapy surfaces slide against one another with less friction. Try coating a dull safety pin with soap. Notice how much more easily you can use it. Water, too, can act as a lubricant to smooth a surface. Coal chutes are sprinkled with water to make the chutes smoother. In ice skating, a little of the ice melts under the skate and the skater is thus able to slide over a film of water. For most tools and machines, we use oil or grease to do the job the soap did on our blocks of wood. The oil and grease smooth the surfaces so that there will be less rubbing. They are used because they do not dry up as quickly as soap or water or other lubricants. Do you know now why a drop or two of oil will stop the squeak in a door hinge? It’s handy to know, too, that a little wax (a kind of hard oil) will help you open and close your desk drawers more easily.
You will see that: The surfaces slide more easily after the soap is put on.
Explanation: The soap fills in the low places of the surfaces of the wood and also forms a coat over the surfaces. The woods, therefore, do not touch one another and cannot rub. Instead, the soapy surfaces slide against one another with less friction. Try coating a dull safety pin with soap. Notice how much more easily you can use it. Water, too, can act as a lubricant to smooth a surface. Coal chutes are sprinkled with water to make the chutes smoother. In ice skating, a little of the ice melts under the skate and the skater is thus able to slide over a film of water. For most tools and machines, we use oil or grease to do the job the soap did on our blocks of wood. The oil and grease smooth the surfaces so that there will be less rubbing. They are used because they do not dry up as quickly as soap or water or other lubricants. Do you know now why a drop or two of oil will stop the squeak in a door hinge? It’s handy to know, too, that a little wax (a kind of hard oil) will help you open and close your desk drawers more easily.
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