covid 19 pandemic and environmental pollution malayalam essay
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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viruses which affects human beings through zoonotic transmission. This is the third time in past two decades that novel virus has created pandemic condition, after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERSCoV) in 2012 (Ramdan and Shaib, 2019; Zhong et al., 2003). Pertaining to the Corona virus (2019), it was on December 31, 2019 wherein first case was reported to WHO Country Office in Wuhan, China with symptoms of unexplained low respiratory infections. This was classified as “pneumonia of unknown etiology” as the cause of infection was not known. On January 12, 2020, WHO found that Corona virus was the reason of this infection in Wuhan and later on 11th February, WHO Director-General announced this novel CoV as ‘COVID-19’ which is an acronym of ‘Corona virus disease 2019’ (Cascella et al., 2020). Covid-19 contain a single-stranded RNA as nuclei material and are 65 nm - 125 nm in diameter (Shereen et al., 2020). The major causes of concern for Covid-19 includes its global scale transmission, repeated emergence, significant number of deaths, infection and mortality to care providers and multiplicative effect in vulnerable or susceptible groups.
Environmental impact of lockdown period on Ghaziabad district In order to study the environmental impact of lockdown on the air quality of Ghaziabad District, 24 h average concentrations of four major pollutants of specific dates were compared to the concentration data of previous year and the results are compiled in Fig. 2 a–d. Where Fig. 2a–d corresponds to the trends for PM2.5, PM10, Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) respectively. Dates were randomly selected representing different weeks of different month where, initial three dates (10 January, 30 January and 19 February) show ‘before lockdown’ condition, fourth date (10 March) represents dates where social distancing was partially and voluntarily followed and last two dates (30 March and 19 April) represent strict lockdown condition during year 2020, whereas same date were selected from year 2019 also to make a comparison with previous year pattern.