Question

Define immunity.what are various types of immunity?describe pentavalent vaccine.

Answer 1

Hey Friend :-)

Here is your answer

Immunity means being protected from something and being unaffected or not bothered by it. Let's say you have immunity to heat - this means heat can't bother you whatsoever - walking up to hot molten lava (about 2,000 degrees F!) would be no different than walking up to a river.

Amazingly, we already have a form of this superpower because of our immune system. Our immune system protects us and helps fight off disease. Microorganisms, small microscopic organisms, and viruses are everywhere. Ever thought about how many are on that door you just opened? Many microbes and viruses can cause disease and are termed pathogens.

With all these pathogens around, why aren't we sick every single moment? The answer is our immune system gives us different types of immunity to protect us from disease. There are two main types of immunity: innate, also called natural or inherited, and adaptive.

Types of Immunity

=> 1. Innate (Natural) Immunity:

It is the natural resistance components such as intact skin, salivary enzymes, and neutrophils, natural killer cells, which provide an initial response against infection that is present in an individual at birth prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen.

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2. Adaptive (Acquired) Immune System:

It is that which develops antibodies after an attack of an infectious disease or by a pregnant mother passing through the placenta to a fetus or by vaccination.

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3. Active Immunity:

It refers to the method of exposing the body to an antigen for generating an adaptive immune response. The response takes days/ weeks to develop but may be long- lasting. For example recovery from Hepatitis-A virus gives a natural active immune response that usually leading lifelong protection. In a similar manner, administration of two doses of Hepatitis-A vaccine generates an acquired active immune response which leading to long lasting defense.

=> 4. Passive Immunity:

It refers to the method of imparting IgG antibodies to keep safe against infection. It gives immediate, but short- lived protection such as several weeks to 3 or 4 months at most. It is occurs during pregnancy. The transfer of maternal tetanus antibody (mainly IgG) across the placenta provides passive immune to newborn baby for several weeks/ months until such antibody is degraded and lost.

Hoping it helps

Thanks :D

Answer 2

Immunity- Immunity is the of an organism to resist a particular infection with the help of some defensive mechanism.
The various types of immunity are--
1. Innate immunity ( inborn natural).
2. Acquired immunity ( during lifetime).
Sorry for pentavalent vaccine...