Define plant breeding? Describe the various methods of plant breeding.
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Answer:
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. Methods include, Selection First, a large number of selections are made from the genetically variable original population. Second, progeny rows are grown from the individual plant selections for observational purposes. After elimination, the selections are grown over several years to permit observations of performance under different conditions for making further eliminations. Finally, the selected and inbred lines are compared to existing commercial varieties in their yielding performance and other aspects of agronomic importance.
Polyploidy
Most plants are diploid. Plants with three or more complete sets of chromosomes are common and are referred to as polyploids. The increase of chromosomes sets per cell can be artificially induced by applying the chemical colchicine, which leads to a doubling of the chromosome number. Generally, the main effect of polyploidy is increase in size and genetic variability. On the other hand, polyploid plants often have a lower fertility and grow more slowly.
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