describe different replication machinary used in DNA replication process?
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Answer:
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands. For each of the resulting single strands, a new complementary sequence of DNA is synthesized
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Answer:
cellular mechanisms responsible for DNA replication were uncovered first in bacterial systems; more recently, they have been studied with proteins isolated from yeasts and cultured eukaryotic cells. Because the proteins and reactions involved in E. coli DNA replication are now understood in considerable detail, our discussion focuses mainly on these; however, replication in eukaryotes is carried out by analogous proteins and proceeds via similar reactions.
Before plunging into a description of the various enzymes and numerous other factors that participate in DNA replication, we need to recall certain elementary problems in the copying of DNA by DNA polymerases, mentioned in Chapter 4:
DNA polymerases are unable to melt duplex DNA (i.e., break the interchain hydrogen bonds) in order to separate the two strands that are to be copied.
All DNA polymerases so far discovered can only elongate a preexisting DNA or RNA strand, the primer; they cannot initiate chains.
The two strands in the DNA duplex are opposite (5′ → 3′ and 3′ → 5′) in chemical polarity, but all DNA polymerases catalyze nucleotide addition at the 3′-hydroxyl end of a growing chain, so strands can grow only in the 5′ → 3′ direction.
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