Describe how homologous organs and vestigial organs could be regarded as evidence for evolution
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Answer:
Vestigial organs can be considered as evidence of evolution because vestigial structures are often homologous to structures that are functioning normally in other species.
Homologous organs are organs which are similar in structure and developmental origin but perform different functions. For example, a human arm and a bat's wing. These homologous organs point towards a common ancestor from which these organisms evolved. Hence it is considered as evidence of evolution.
Organs which have different origin and dissimilar fundamental structure but have similar functions are called analogous organs. This means that analogous organs do not show common ancestor though they show convergent evolution. Hence analogous organs are considered as evidence of evolution.
Hence, homologous organs, analogous organs and vestigial organs is a set of evidence of evolution.
Here are some main points pls read the points so that ur concept will be clear:-
a) Homologous organs are those organs which have the same structure and embryonic origin but perform the different functions. For example, forelimbs of whale, bat, deer, rabbit have the same structure but are modified in different ways to perform locomotion in different ways. Such kind of structures give rise to divergent evolution.
b) Analogous organs are those organs which have the different embryonic origin but perform the similar function. For example, wings of a bird and wings of the insect. Wings of bird are modified forelimbs while wings of an insect thin membranous expansion of exoskeleton. Analogous organs are formed due to convergent evolution.
c) Fossils are the remnants of the past organisms which get buried in sedimentary rocks. Different fossils are formed in the different aged rock sediments. The study of fossils existing in the different rock layers indicate the time period when they existed. Thus different life forms have been formed at different times in the history of the earth. Fossils indicate how the evolution took place leading to the formation of complex life forms from simple ones by the gradual process. For example, fossil bird Archaeopteryx is considered as a connecting link between reptiles and birds indicating that birds evolved from reptiles. It shows the presence of characters of both birds and reptiles like the presence of teeth, wing feathers, clawed toes and tail.
Answer:
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