describe in brief the structure of human eye
Answers
The human eyes are the most complicated sense organ in the human body, with several parts fixed together form a spherical structure. Every part of the human eye is mainly responsible for a certain action. The structure of a human eye can be broadly classified into the external structure and internal structure.
The External Structure of an Eye
The parts of the eye that are visible externally comprise of the external structure of the eye-
Sclera: It is a tough and thick white sheath that protects the inner parts of the eye. We know it as the ‘White of the eye’.
Conjunctiva: It is a thin transparent membrane that is spread across the sclera. It keeps the eyes moist and clear by secreting small amounts of mucus and tears.
Cornea: It is the transparent layer of skin that is spread over the pupil and the iris. The main role of the cornea is to refract the light that enters the eyes.
Iris: It is a pigmented layer of tissues that make up the colored portion of the eye. Its primary function is to control the size of the pupil, depending on the amount of light entering it.
Pupil: It is the small opening located at the middle of the Iris. It allows light to come in.
The Internal Structure of an Eye
The internal structure of the eye includes the following parts:
Lens: It is a transparent, biconvex, and an adjustable part of an eye. The lens with the help of the cornea refracts light focused on the retina, therefore creating images on it.
Retina: It is the layer present at the back of the eye where all the images are formed. It is the third and inner coat of the eye which is very sensitive towards the light because of the presence of Photoreceptors. The retina functions by converting the light rays into impulses and sending the signals to the brain through the optic nerve.
Optic nerve: It is located at the end of the eyes, behind the retina. The optic nerve is mainly responsible for carrying all the nerve impulses from the photoreceptors to the human brain, without which vision would not be possible.
Aqueous Humour: It is a watery fluid that is present in the area between the lens and the cornea. It is responsible for the nourishment of both the lens and the cornea.
Vitreous Humour: it is a semi-solid, transparent, jelly-like substance that covers the interior portion of the eyes. It plays an important role in maintaining the shape of the eye and also causes refraction of light before it reaches the retina.
