describe social and economical condition of Russia before 1905
Answers
1. In the 19th Century most of the European countries underwent important social and economic changes but Russia was still lagging behind. The czars ruled as absolute Monarchs and the aristocracy was strictly feudal.
2. The condition of the Russian pigeons were deplorable. On the other hand the nobility and the High clergymen enjoyed special privileges and rights. agriculture was dominated by a few rich landlords.
3. Although serfdom was abolished in Russian 1861, the situation did not change. The methods and tools of farming did not improve. The farmer had to pay very high dues for small pieces of land and most of them were under heavy debts.
Economic conditions in Russia before 1905:
1. In the 1890 industrialisation in Russia began and developed at a fairly fast rate. The foreign capitalists invested large sums of money in different industries to amass huge profits. The foreign investors were more interested in earning profits then improving the condition of the workers.
2. Even the Russian industrialists exploited the workers and paid them extremely low wages. The workers had no political rights. The conditions of the workers in Russia were very miserable they were forced to lead a wretched life . Hence the worker were extremely unhappy and dissatisfied with the prevalent and conditions.
Political condition in Russia before 1905:
1. Russia was under the autocratic rule of Romanov czars who believe in the theory of divine right of the kings.czar Nicholas II was crowned in 1894. He was an inefficient and the conservative ruler. He was believed to be guided and influence by mystic Rasputin.
2. The condition of the workers and peasants were deplorable. Famines were very common throughout the whole country. Many people in Russia were influenced by the developments in western Europe and consequently they demanded constitutional democracy . however their demands were turned down.
3. In 1904 there was a war between Russia and Japan. Russia suffered humiliating defeat at the hands of a small Asian country like Japan. This defeat of the Russian has displeased and angered the people.
4. Revolution broke out in January 1901 after which the czar announced his manifesto in October in the same year. He Granted the freedom of speech, press and movement . He conferred the legislative powers to an elected body called Duma but in no time he re-established his own authority.
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Answer:
The Social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 was backward:
Social Conditions: 85% of Russia's population was agriculturist. The industries were there, but rarely they were privately owned. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. They mainly migrated to cities for employment in factories. The peasant community was deeply religious but did not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must be divided amongst themselves.
Economic Condition: Russia was going through a bad period economically. Prices of essential good rise while real wages decreased by 20% leading to the famous St. Petersburg strike. This strike started a series of events that are together known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and various professionals and workers established the Union of Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent assembly.