Question

describe solvay process for manufacture of sodium carbonate

Answer 1

The Solvay process or ammonia-soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate(soda ash, Na2CO3). The ammonia-soda process was developed into its modern form by Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine(from inland sources or from the sea) and limestone (from quarries). The worldwide production of soda ash in 2005 has been estimated at 42 million metric tons,[1] which is more than six kilograms (13 lb) per year for each person on Earth. Solvay-based chemical plants now produce roughly three-quarters of this supply, with the remainder being mined from natural deposits. This method superseded the Leblanc process.

Answer 2

ammonia is dissolved in brine in the solvay tower to produce ammonical brine  a lot of heat produced is controlled by regulating the flow of brine into the solvay tower.The ammonical  brine produced is then pumped into carbonator from the top where it trickles down the carbonator while carbon dioxide from the kiln is pumped from the base the carbonator has to be cooled regularly   to reduce amount of heaty produced.