describe the composition of blood
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Blood is classified as a connective tissue and consists of two main components: Plasma, which is a clear extracellular fluid. Formed elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets
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Blood function and composition
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Blood facts
Approximately 8% of an adult’s body weight is made up of blood.
Females have around 4-5 litres, while males have around 5-6 litres. This difference is mainly due to the differences in body size between men and women.
Its mean temperature is 38 degrees Celcius.
It has a pH of 7.35-7.45, making it slightly basic (less than 7 is considered acidic).
Whole blood is about 4.5-5.5 times as viscous as water, indicating that it is more resistant to flow than water. This viscosity is vital to the function of blood because if blood flows too easily or with too much resistance, it can strain the heart and lead to severe cardiovascular problems.
Blood in the arteries is a brighter red than blood in the veins because of the higher levels of oxygen found in the arteries.
An artificial substitute for human blood has not been found.
Functions of blood
Blood has three main functions: transport, protection and regulation.
Transport
Blood transports the following substances:
Gases, namely oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the lungs and rest of the body
Nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the body
Waste products to be detoxified or removed by the liver and kidneys
Hormones from the glands in which they are produced to their target cells
Heat to the skin so as to help regulate body temperature
Protection
Blood has several roles in inflammation:
Leukocytes, or white blood cells, destroy invading microorganisms and cancer cells
Antibodies and other proteins destroy pathogenic substances
Platelet factors initiate blood clotting and help minimise blood loss
Regulation
Blood helps regulate:
pH by interacting with acids and bases
Water balance by transferring water to and from tissues
Composition of blood
Blood is classified as a connective tissue and consists of two main components:
Plasma, which is a clear extracellular fluid
Formed elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets
The formed elements are so named because they are enclosed in a plasma membrane and have a definite structure and shape. All formed elements are cells except for the platelets, which are tiny fragments of bone marrow cells.
Formed elements are:
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs)
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs)
Platelets
Leukocytes are further classified into two subcategories called granulocytes which consist of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils; and agranulocytes which consist of lymphocytes and monocytes.
The formed elements can be separated from plasma by centrifuge, where a blood sample is spun for a few minutes in a tube to separate its components according to their densities. RBCs are denser than plasma, and so become packed into the bottom of the tube to make up 45% of total volume. This volume is known as the haematocrit. WBCs and platelets form a narrow cream-coloured coat known as the buffy coat immediately above the RBCs. Finally, the plasma makes up the top of the tube, which is a pale yellow colour and contains just under 55% of the total volume.
______________________________
Thanks !
_________________________________
Blood function and composition
____
Blood facts
Approximately 8% of an adult’s body weight is made up of blood.
Females have around 4-5 litres, while males have around 5-6 litres. This difference is mainly due to the differences in body size between men and women.
Its mean temperature is 38 degrees Celcius.
It has a pH of 7.35-7.45, making it slightly basic (less than 7 is considered acidic).
Whole blood is about 4.5-5.5 times as viscous as water, indicating that it is more resistant to flow than water. This viscosity is vital to the function of blood because if blood flows too easily or with too much resistance, it can strain the heart and lead to severe cardiovascular problems.
Blood in the arteries is a brighter red than blood in the veins because of the higher levels of oxygen found in the arteries.
An artificial substitute for human blood has not been found.
Functions of blood
Blood has three main functions: transport, protection and regulation.
Transport
Blood transports the following substances:
Gases, namely oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the lungs and rest of the body
Nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the body
Waste products to be detoxified or removed by the liver and kidneys
Hormones from the glands in which they are produced to their target cells
Heat to the skin so as to help regulate body temperature
Protection
Blood has several roles in inflammation:
Leukocytes, or white blood cells, destroy invading microorganisms and cancer cells
Antibodies and other proteins destroy pathogenic substances
Platelet factors initiate blood clotting and help minimise blood loss
Regulation
Blood helps regulate:
pH by interacting with acids and bases
Water balance by transferring water to and from tissues
Composition of blood
Blood is classified as a connective tissue and consists of two main components:
Plasma, which is a clear extracellular fluid
Formed elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets
The formed elements are so named because they are enclosed in a plasma membrane and have a definite structure and shape. All formed elements are cells except for the platelets, which are tiny fragments of bone marrow cells.
Formed elements are:
Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs)
Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs)
Platelets
Leukocytes are further classified into two subcategories called granulocytes which consist of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils; and agranulocytes which consist of lymphocytes and monocytes.
The formed elements can be separated from plasma by centrifuge, where a blood sample is spun for a few minutes in a tube to separate its components according to their densities. RBCs are denser than plasma, and so become packed into the bottom of the tube to make up 45% of total volume. This volume is known as the haematocrit. WBCs and platelets form a narrow cream-coloured coat known as the buffy coat immediately above the RBCs. Finally, the plasma makes up the top of the tube, which is a pale yellow colour and contains just under 55% of the total volume.
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Thanks !
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