Question

describe the following chemical properties of carbon compounds briefly and give one chemical reaction for each 1)combustion 2)addition 3)substitution 4)esterification 5) oxidation

Answer 1

Combustion reaction is the one in which a carbon compound burns in presence of oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water (in case of hydrocarbon).
Example: C + O2 ------> CO2.

Unsaturated carbon compounds add hydrogen to them in the presence of catalysts such as nickel or palladium to form saturated hydrocarbons.
Example:
C2H4 --------- [H2] ------under nickel catalyst-------> C2H6.

In a substitution reaction , the hydrogen is replaced slowly and constantly until all the hydrogen atoms are removed.
Example:
CH4 + Cl2 ------> CH3Cl + HCl.
This CH3Cl again is reacted with Cl2 ........
CH3Cl + Cl2 -------> CH2Cl2 + HCl.
This continues till CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) is obtained.

Esterification reaction is the reaction when an alcohol is heated with a carboxylic acid in the presence pf an acid which acts as a dehydrating agent.
Example: C2H5OH + CH3COOH ------>CH3COOC2H5.

In Oxidation reaction of carbon compounds an alcohol is converted its corresponding carboxylic acid.
Example:
C2H5OH -----alkaline KmNO4-----> CH3COOH.


- Maheshwaran.