Question

Describe the main features of central and provincial administration
under the Mughals.​

Answer 1

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Central Administration under Mughals :

• There was a strong centralized government with king having the final authority over all important matters including politics, military, administrative and judiciary. All the decisions taken by him were final and could not be challenged by anyone.
• The king was helped by a team of ministers. He could appoint, promote or dismiss these ministers or officials.
• Important council of ministers were the diwan, mir bakshi, qazi, chief sadr and the vakil. All these ministers worked under the supervision of the king.

Provincial Administration:

• The Mughal Empire was divided into fifteen provinces or the subas. A governor or the subedar was in charge of the province.
• While the subedar looked after the military and the civil affairs, the diwan kept an account of the land revenues. Both the subedar and the diwan kept a check on each other.
• The provinces divided into districts or sarkars. The sarkars were further subdivided into parganas. A pargana had numerous villages under it.
• A team of officials looked after different functions in a pargana. Village panchayats looked after the administration of villages.

Answer 2

Answer:

Central administration: The king was the head of both civil and military administration he was assisted by many officials:

The Wazir was the Prime Minister.

The Diwan was the head of the revenue department.

The Mir Bakshi looked after the military.

The Khan-i-saman attended to the needs of the Royal household.

The Sadr-i sadur Kept a record of grants and donations made by the being.

The Qazi was the chief judge provincial administration.

Provincial Administration:

The empire was divided into provinces called Subas. Each suba was headed by a governor called ‘subadar’. He was the link between his province and the ruler.

Suba was divided into sarkars or districts.

Each sarkar is further divided into many Parganas, which consisted of number of villages. They are taken care by Panchayat.

The ‘Kotwal’ looked after town administration. He performed both police and civil duties. His office was called ‘Kotwali’