Describe the main provision of the government of India Act,1999.
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Answer:
In India , was not became democratic country .Before 1947 there were two types of states that are follow one is provincial states where ruled by British and another is princely states where ruled by local hereditary rulers.
The Secretary of State Montagu introduced a Bill in the British Parliament which became the Indian Act of 1919. The Act laid down in its Preamble the aim of British to institute a responsible Government in India as an integral part of British Empire. The responsible Government was to be capable of progressive realization through the increasing association of the Indians in every branch of administration. The sovereignty of the British Parliament over India was asserted by the Act. There took place lot of changes in the Central as well as in the Provincial administration after the introduction of this Act.
The Secretary of State for India who used to be paid out of the Indian revenue was now to be paid by the British Exchequer. Some of the functions of the Secretary were entrusted to the High Commissioner for India who was to be appointed and paid by the Government of India. The control of the Secretary of State was also reduced in the sphere of the Provincial administration.
The Act increased the number of Indians in the Governor-General’s Executive Council to three in a Council of eight. The Indian Members were entrusted with departments like Law, Education, Labour, Health and Industries. The new scheme of the Government envisaged a division of subjects into Central List and Provincial List.
The subjects of national importance such as Foreign Affairs, Defence, Political Relations, Posts and Telegraphs, Public debt, communications. Civil and Criminal Law and Procedure etc. were included in the Central List while others like Public Health, Local Self Government, Education, Medical Administration, Land Revenue Administration, Water Supply, Famine Relief, Agriculture and Law and Order departments were included in the Provincial List.
The Act set up a bicameral legislature in the Centre. Two Houses, Council of State and Central Legislative Assembly were established instead of one House in the Centre. The Legislative Assembly was constituted of 145 members, 41 to be nominated and 104 were to be elected. Of the 41 nominated members, 25 members were officials and 16 non-officials. Of the 104 elected members, 52 were to be returned by the general constituencies, 32 by the Communal Constituencies (30 by Muslims and 2 by the Sikhs) and 20 by the special constituencies. (7 by landlords, 9 by Europeans and 4 by Indian Commercial Houses).
The tenure of the Assembly was for a period of three years but it could be extended by the Governor-General. The first speaker of the Assembly was to be nominated by the Government, the subsequent speakers were to be elected by the members of the Assembly. The Central Legislative Assembly could legislate for the whole of British India, for the Indian subjects and servants of the Government whether inside or outside the country. It could amend or repeal any law existing in the country with the prior approval of the Governor-General.
The members of the Legislative Assembly were given the right to move resolutions and motions for adjournment of the house to consider urgent questions of public importance immediately. They had the right to ask questions and supplementary. Short-notice questions could also be asked. The members enjoyed the right of freedom of speech. However there were certain restrictions imposed on the Legislatures.
In certain cases like:
(a) Amendment or repeal of an existing law or an ordinance of the Governor General,
(b) Foreign relations and the relations with the Indian States,
(c) Discipline or maintenance of military, naval and air forces,
(d) Public debt and public revenue and
(e) Religion, religious rites and usages of the people previous sanction of the Governor General was required for the introduction of a bill.