Describe the political changes in the later vedic age. ( in long answer)
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Answer:
Transformation of political character from Early to later Vedic Period
1. The term “Rashtra”, which means territory, first appeared in later Vedic period.
2. The Rajanyas of the Rig Vedic age later became the Kshatriyas, who held power
over the territories. The very reason of the wars (earlier, cattle) also underwent a
change, with the acquisition of land now becoming an important element.
3. Consecratory rituals assumed special significance in later Vedic period for the
ruling elite, which now became crucial to assert their authority. Sacrifices were
especially significant and were perceived to lend religious legitimacy to the power of the
rulers in the later Vedic period.
4. It was the beginning of administrative machinery. The king had to maintain a council
of advisors known as the Ratnis.
5. A rudimentary taxation system began with Sangrihitri, as treasurer of taxes
and Bhagadugha as the tax collector. Bali and Bhaga now became regular tributes
and taxes.
6. The formation of bigger kingdoms made the chief or the king more powerful.
Princes or chiefs ruled tribes, but the dominant tribe gave their names to the territories,
which might be inhabited by tribes other than their own. In the beginning, each area was
named after the tribe which settled there first. At first, Panchala was the name of the
people and then, it became the name of a region.
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